新冠肺炎流行期间公共卫生干预对季节性流感活动的影响

Impact of public health interventions on seasonal influenza activity during COVID-19 epidemic

目的分析新冠肺炎(COVID-19)流行期间采取的公共卫生干预措施对河北省季节性流感活动的影响。方法通过中国疾病预防控制信息系统和中国流感监测信息系统,收集2016—2020年河北省流感报告数据及2015—2020年度河北省流感样病例监测报告数据和病原学监测数据,分析连续5个流行季流感样病例就诊百分比、流感病毒核酸阳性率、流感活动峰值等。结果2015—2020年,3个流行季(2017—2018,2018—2019,2019—2020)流感样病例就诊百分比曲线呈双峰型,2个流行季(2015—2016,2016—2017)呈单峰型。一级和二级响应期间,全省共报告流感9058例,分别比2019、2018、2017、2016年同期下降83.90%、52.20%、19.82%和26.10%;5个流行季流感流行持续时间分别为22周、32周、35周、30周和16周。2015—2016流行季主要是乙型流感(57.89%),2016—2017流行季主要是A(H3N2)(55.12%)和A(H1N1)(31.63%),2017—2018流行季主要是A(H1N1)(43.25%)和乙型流感(37.13%),2018—2019流行季主要是A(H1N1)(66.68%),2019—2020流行季主要是A(H3N2)(77.11%)。2019—2020流行季以低水平的A(H3N2)提前结束。应急响应期间,流感病毒阳性率分别为4.17%和0.29%,明显低于往年水平(χ^(2)=717.021,P<0.001;χ^(2)=1181.961,P<0.001)。结论新冠肺炎流行期间公共卫生干预措施大幅减少季节性流感活动,可作为未来预防和控制季节性流感的有效策略和措施。

Objective To analyze the public health interventions used during the COVID-19 outbreak and describe the impact on seasonal influenza activity in Hebei Province.Methods The report data of influenza in 2016-2020,and the report data of influenza-like illness(ILI)cases and pathogens detection in 2015-2020 surveillance year of Hebei province were collected from Chinese information system for disease control and prevention.ILI%,the positie rate of influenza virus and the peak nalue of influenza activity in five consecutive influenza epidemic seasons were analyzed.Results During 2015-2020,the ILI%curves of three influenza epidemic seasons(2017-2018,2018-2019,2019-2020)showed a double peak,and two influenza epidemic seasons(2015-2016,2016-2017)showed a single peak.A total of 9058 cases of influenza was reported in the context of the first and second level response to COVID-19 emergency in Heihei.Compared with the same period in 2019,2018,2017 and 2016,the incidence of influenza decreased by 83.90%,52.20%,19.82%and 26.10%,respectively in the context of the first and second level response to COVID-19 emergency in Hebei.The duration of influenza epidemics was 22,32,35,30 and 16weeks,respectively.Influenza B(57.89%)was dominate in 2015-2016,while Influenza A(H3N2)(55.12%)and A(H1N1)(31.63%)were dominate in 2016-2017.In 2017-2018,Influenza A(H1N1)(43.25%)and Influenza B(37.13%)were dominate,the epidemic season of 2018-2019 was mainly Influenza A(H1N1)(66.68%),and the epidemic season of 2019-2020 was mainly Influenza A(H3N2)(77.11%).The epidemic season of 2019-2020 ended early with a low positive rate of A(H3N2).The positive rate of influenza virus was 4.17%and 0.29%,respectively in the context of the response to COVID-19 emergency in Hebei,which was significantly lower than that of previous years(χ^(2)=717.021,P<0.001.χ^(2)=1181.961,P<0.001).Conclusion The public health interventions significantly reduced seasonal influenza activity during COVID-19 epidemics,can be effective strategies and measures for future prevention and control of seasonal influenza.