中国出口推动“一带一路”技术升级:基于88个参与国的研究

Promotional Effects of China's Export on the Technology Upgrading of“Belt and Road”Initiative Countries:An Analysis Based on 88 Participating Countries

作为世界第一出口大国,中国能否通过"一带一路"实现共享共赢一直受到各界关注。本文以中国出口贸易是否推进"一带一路"参与国技术升级为命题,从企业内和企业间两个维度构建基于贸易异质性的多国贸易模型,并采用2004-2018年88个参与国的企业数据,检验中国出口贸易与"一带一路"技术升级的因果关系。研究发现,中国出口贸易增加能显著推动"一带一路"参与国企业内部全要素生产率提升和专利申请数增加;加快劳动力资源向技术水平较高的企业转移,借助企业间资源再分配效应,压缩技术水平较低企业的生存空间,倒逼"一带一路"参与国技术升级。此外,"一带一路"倡议和参与国与中国签署自由贸易协定能强化中国出口贸易的技术升级效应。

As a leader of the"Belt and Road",China's economic and trade relations with participating countries have always been an unavoidable issue.Based on multi-country trade model of trade network heterogeneity,we analyze how the increase in China's export promotes the technological transformation of the"Belt and Road"enterprises from the perspectives of within and between firms.And we use the data of enterprises in 88 participating countries from 2004 to 2018 in order to examine the causal relationship between China's export and the technological upgrading of the"Belt and Road"enterprises.We find that the increase in China's export could significantly promote the increase in TFP and patents of enterprises participating in the"Belt and Road",and occupy the living space of enterprises with lower technological level,and accelerate the transfer of labor resources to enterprises with higher technological level.The formal proposal of the"Belt and Road"initiative and the signing of China's free trade agreement could strength the technological upgrading role of China's export.Therefore,China and the countries participating in the"Belt and Road"are constantly expanding their opening to the outside world,and strengthening bilateral and multilateral trade cooperation is conducive to achieving inclusive economic growth along the"Belt and Road".