氮肥用量对云南高原粳稻产量及氮素吸收利用的影响

Effects on Grain Yield,Nitrogen Uptake and Utilization of Japonica Rice on Yunnan Plateau Under Different N Fertilizer Levels

研究不同氮肥施用量对粳稻产量、生长发育、干物质积累量及氮素吸收利用的影响,为云南高原粳稻氮肥减量施用提供依据。选用云南高原非糯粳稻‘楚粳28’和糯型粳稻‘云科粳1号’为试验材料,按照当地常规氮肥施用模式,设置施氮量为0、75、150、225、300 kg/hm^(2)(N_(0)、N_(1)、N_(2)、N_(3)、N_(4))5个处理。结果显示,随着氮肥用量的增加2种类型粳稻品种产量呈增加趋势;在N1处理下‘云科粳1号’产量及增产幅度显著高于‘楚粳28’,其他处理下‘楚粳28’的产量大于‘云科粳1号’。氮肥处理使‘楚粳28’有较高的有效穗数和结实率,平均比‘云科粳1号’高13.36%和6.24%。氮肥使‘楚粳28’生育期延长了1~8天,总叶片数增加0~1叶,使‘云科粳1号’生育期延长了2~9天,总叶片数增加0.3~1.1叶;氮肥处理下‘楚粳28’的干物质积累量和总吸氮量平均比‘云科粳1号’分别高4.42%和18.43%,‘楚粳28’的氮肥吸收利用率比‘云科粳1号’高2.66%。综上,非糯型粳稻的产量及氮肥吸收利用率高于糯型粳稻,非糯粳稻‘楚粳28’适合的氮肥用量为225 kg/hm^(2),糯型粳稻‘云科粳1号’适合的氮肥量为150 kg/hm^(2)。

The objective of the experiment is to study the effects of different nitrogen fertilizer levels on the yield,growth,dry matter accumulation and nitrogen uptake and utilization of japonica rice on Yunnan Plateau,and provide a basis for reduced application of nitrogen fertilizer.In this research,non-glutinous japonica rice‘Chujing 28’and glutinous japonica rice‘Yunkejing 1’were selected as the test materials.Based on the local conventional nitrogen fertilizer application method,5 treatments of nitrogen level 0,75,150,225 and 300 kg/hm^(2)(N_(0),N_(1),N_(2),N_(3) ang N_(4))were set up in the test.The results showed that the yield of the 2 japonica rice varieties increased with the application of nitrogen fertilizer increase.With N1 treatment,the yield and yield increase of‘Yunkejing 1’were significantly higher than that of‘Chujing 28’,under other nitrogen level treatments,the yield of‘Chujing 28’was higher than that of‘Yunkejing 1’.With the application of nitrogen fertilizer,‘Chujing 28’had bigger effective panicle number and higher seed setting rate,which were higher than that of‘Yunkejing 1’by 13.36%and 6.24%on average.Nitrogen fertilizer prolonged‘Chujing 28’growth stage by 1-8 days and increased the total number of leaf by 0-1,and prolonged‘Yunkejing 1’growth stage by 2-9 days and increased its total number of leaf by 0.3-1.1.The dry matter accumulation and total nitrogen absorption of‘Chujing 28’were higher than that of‘Yunkejing 1’by 4.42%and 18.43%on average,and the nitrogen fertilizer absorption efficiency of‘Chujing 28’was higher than that of‘Yunkejing 1’by 2.66%.In conclusion,the yield and nitrogen uptake and utilization efficiency of non-glutinous japonica rice are higher than that of glutinous japonica rice.The suitable nitrogen fertilizer level is 225 kg/hm^(2)for non-glutinous japonica rice‘Chujing 28’and 150 kg/hm^(2)for glutinous japonica rice‘Yunkejing 1’.