梨花和油菜花挥发性气味物质的鉴定及差异分析

Identification and Difference Analysis of Volatile Odorants of Pear and Oilseed Rape Flowers

为了解花朵中挥发性气味物质对吸引传粉昆虫采集所起到的作用,采用固相微萃取(SPME)和气相色谱-质谱联用(GC-MS)技术,检测梨花和油菜花全花、花药、花蜜中挥发性气味物质成分,并进行主成分及与昆虫采集相关性分析。鉴定梨花中挥发性气味物质成分有9种,氧烷类为主要挥发性气味物质,占44.44%,通过主成分分析,气味贡献物主要来自于二甲基硫醚、十四甲基环七硅氧烷、苯丙腈、苯甲醛等化合物。油菜花中挥发性气味物质成分有23种,酯类和氧烷类为主要气味挥发性物质,分别占8.7%和16.09%,气味贡献物主要来自于反-2-己烯醛、异硫氰酸-2-苯乙酯、4-异硫氰酸根合-1-丁烯、二甲基三硫醚、二甲基二硫醚等化合物;花药的挥发性气味物质种类比花蜜中更丰富。传粉昆虫调查发现,试验地共有传粉昆虫4目10科11种,梨和油菜传粉昆虫数量上有显著差异(P<0.05),但各成分与采集昆虫数量均没有显著相关性(P>0.05)。研究发现梨花和油菜花挥发性气味物质成分有显著差异,将为研究气味物质主要贡献物在吸引传粉昆虫中发挥的作用提供参考。

The paper aims to decipher the role of volatile odorants of flowers in attracting foraging of pollinators.Solid phase microextraction(SPME)and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS)were used to detect the components of volatile odorants in the whole flower,anther and nectar of pear and oilseed rape flowers,principal component analysis and correlation analysis of insects foraging were also conducted.9 and 23 volatile odorants of pear and oilseed rape flowers were identified respectively,alkanes,accounting for 44.44%,was the main volatile odorant of pear flowers,odor contributions of pear flowers mainly were from dimethyl sulfide,tetradecycloheptachiloxane,phenylpropionitrile,benzaldehyde and other compounds studied by principal component analysis.Esters and alkanes accounted for 8.7%and 16.09%respectively,which were the main volatile odorants of oilseed rape flowers,odor contributions of oilseed rape flowers mainly were from compounds such as reverse 2-hexenal,isothiocyanate-2-phenyl ethyl ester,4-isothiocyanate root-1-butene,dimethyl disulfide,dimethyl disulfide and other compounds studied by principal component analysis.Anthers had more volatile odorants than nectar.There were 4 orders,10 families and 11 species of pollinators in the test site, and the number of pollinators between pear and oilseed rape also had a significant difference (P<0.05). However, there was no significant correlation between each component and the number of pollinators (P>0.05). Significant differences are identified between the constituents of volatile odorants of pear and rapeseedflowers, laying a foundation for further studies on the role of major contributors of odorants in attractingpollinators.