高考数学文理分科的历史考察与现实思考

Historical Investigation and Realistic Thinking on the Division of Mathematics,Arts and Sciences in College Entrance Examination

在梳理高考制度建立以来数学科目与文理分科演变历史的基础上分析高考数学文理分科的利弊,高考数学不分文理科导致命题难易程度不易把握,因而不利于理工科人才打下更好的数学基础与未来深造,也影响部分高水平大学文科专业人才的选拔与培养。考察多个国家高考数学的情况,高考数学多有若干种类型。虽然高考数学分文理存在一些弊端,但是从社会经济发展的需求、高校人才选拔和培养、学生个性发展等方面来看,高考数学文理分科还是利大于弊。权衡利弊得失,高考数学科目应给考生和高校不同专业更多选择,即在采用"3+1+2"科目组合的省市区中,数学科目根据难度不同分为数学(1)、数学(2)。

On the basis of combing the evolution history of mathematics and arts and sciences since the establishment of the college entrance examination system,this paper analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of mathematics,arts and sciences in the college entrance examination.The fact that mathematics in the college entrance examination is not divided into arts and sciences makes it difficult to grasp the difficulty of proposition,which is not conducive to laying a better mathematical foundation and further study for science and engineering talents,but also affects the selection and training of liberal arts professionals in some high-level universities.Investigating the situation of college entrance examination mathematics in many countries,there are several types of college entrance examination mathematics.Although there are some disadvantages in the division of mathematics,arts and sciences in the college entrance examination,the advantages of the division of mathematics,arts and sciences in the college entrance examination still outweigh the disadvantages from the needs of social and economic development,the selection and training of talents in colleges and universities,and the development of students’personality.Weighing the pros and cons,the mathematics subjects in the college entrance examination should give candidates and different majors in colleges and universities more choices,that is,in the provinces and cities that adopt the"3+1+2"subject combination,the mathematics subjects are divided into mathematics(1)and mathematics(2)according to the difficulty.