老年人跌倒状况及影响因素的调查分析

Investigation and analysis of falls and its influencing factors in the elderly

目的了解老年人跌倒情况,分析老年人跌倒的影响因素,探索老年人跌倒风险评估方法,提出预防老年人跌倒的干预措施和对策,为有效降低老年人跌倒发生率提供参考依据。方法通过配额抽样方法最终选取161名烟台市老年人作为调查对象,利用logistic回归模型探讨了影响烟台市老年人跌倒的因素。结果烟台市在过去的一年里有过跌倒经历的老年人占比为51.6%,在跌倒后能够痊愈的占比65.8%。老年人的年龄、婚姻、健康、精神状况、身体状态、感觉障碍、体育锻炼情况、是否使用辅助行走设备与老年人跌倒状况有关(均P<0.05)。多因素分析结果表明,在α=0.05的水平上视觉受损和不参加体育锻炼是老年人跌倒的危险因素。结论老年人跌倒发生率较高,应该综合内因、外因,多角度对老年人进行风险评估,进行健康宣讲,提高老年人的跌倒防范认识,减少影响危险因素,改善老年人摔倒情况。

Objective To understand falls in the elderly,analyze the influencing factors of falls in the elderly,explore the risk assessment of falls in the elderly,and propose intervention measures and countermeasures to prevent falls in the elderly,so as to provide a reference for effectively reducing the incidence of falls in the elderly.Methods Through the quota sampling method,161 elderly people in Yantai City were finally selected as the survey subjects,and the logistic regression model was used to explore the factors affecting the falls of the elderly people in Yantai City.Results In Yantai City,51.6%of the elderly had a fall in the past year,and 65.80%were able to recover after a fall.The results showed that the elderly's age,marriage,health,mental status,physical status,sensory impairment,physical exercise status,and whether to use walking aids were related to the elderly fall status(all P<0.05).The results of multivariate analysis showed that at the level ofα=0.05,visual impairment and non-participating in physical exercise in the elderly are risk factors for falls in the elderly.Conclusion The incidence of falls in the elderly is relatively high.Risk assessments should be conducted on the elderly from multiple perspectives,and health promotion should be carried out for the elderly to improve the awareness of fall prevention among the elderly,reduce the risk factors influencing them,and improve the fall of the elderly.