不寐常见方证与药证辑要

Summary of Common Prescriptions and Chinese Medicinal Syndromes for Insomnia

不寐是最常见的临床疾病和常见疾病的伴随症状,不寐的发病人数逐年增加,不寐越来越成为影响人们身心健康的重要问题。中医药在治疗不寐方面具有疗效肯定、不良反应少等优势。不寐的辨证分虚证和实证,多与心、肝、脾、肾等有关,虚证多见心肝血虚、心脾两虚、阴虚火旺、心肾不交、心胆气虚证等;实证多见心肝火旺、瘀血内阻证、痰热内扰、食滞胃脘证等。临证以虚实夹杂证多见。现梳理不寐临床常见的方证和药证,尤其是不寐主症之入睡困难、中间醒、早醒、梦多、眠浅、日间功能障碍对应的方证和药证,抓主证,辨病与辨证相结合,使不寐的辨病与辨证论治更为精准,结合不寐的病因病机、兼症或次症、患者体质类型、现代药理研究等进行总结辑要。

Insomnia is the most frequent clinical disease and accompanying symptom of common diseases.The number of cases of insomnia is increasing year by year.Insomnia has become an increasingly important problem affecting people′s physical and mental health.Traditional Chinese medicine has the advantages of assuring curative effect and limited side effects in the treatment of insomnia.The syndrome differentiation of insomnia is divided into deficiency syndrome and excess syndrome,which are mostly related to the heart,liver,spleen,kidney,etc.Deficiency syndromes are more common in heart,liver and blood deficiency,heart and spleen deficiency,Yin deficiency and excess fire,heart and kidney incompatibility,heart and gall qi deficiency.Excess syndromes include syndrome of hyperactive heart and liver fire,internal obstruction of blood stasis,internal disturbance of phlegm-heat,and stomach-energy stasis due to improper diet.Clinical syndromes are more common with both deficiency and excess syndromes.This article sorts out the common prescriptions and medical syndromes of insomnia,especially the main syndromes of insomnia,such as having difficulties of falling asleep,awakening in the middle of the night,early awakening,excess dreams,shallow sleep,and daytime dysfunction.It′s important to pay attention to the main symptoms.We should combine disease differentiation and syndrome differentiation to make it more accurate.This article also summarizes the prescriptions and medicine syndromes combining the cause and pathogenesis of insomnia,comorbid or secondary symptoms,patient physique type,modern pharmacological research,etc.