果园机械化装备研究进展与展望

Research Progress and Prospects of Orchard Mechanized Equipment

近年来,随着我国果园种植规模的扩大、种植种类的增加,传统的作业方式已经满足不了现代果园的发展需求。而且我国果园的主要种植区域集中在丘陵山区,受种植模式和地形条件的影响,果园机械化装备的研发进展缓慢,机械化程度较低,同时,由于农机农艺难以结合、劳动力短缺等问题,严重制约了林果产业的发展,实现果园全程机械化是其产业发展的必然趋势。本研究针对现阶段国内外果园作业机械的应用现状进行对比分析,包括作业平台、施肥机械、采摘收获机械、除草机械等果园机械化设备,得出制约果园机械化发展的因素,并对果园机械的研发提出发展建议,以期为果园机械化装备的研发提供一定参考。

In recent years,with the expansion of China's orchard planting scale and the increase in planting types,the traditional operation mode has been unable to meet the needs of the development of modern orchards.As China's main planting areas are concentrated in hilly areas,and affected by planting patterns and terrain conditions,the orchard mechanized equipment research and development progress is slow,and the degree of mechanization is low.At the same time,problems such as the difficulty in combining agricultural machinery and agronomy and labor shortage have severely restricted the forest and fruit industry.It is an inevitable trend of its industrial development to realize the full orchard mechanization.This research involves comparative analysis of the current application status of orchard machinery at home and abroad,including orchard mechanized equipment like operating platforms,fertilizing machinery,picking and harvesting machinery,weeding machinery,with the factors restricting the development of orchard mechanization obtained,and development suggestions for the research and development of orchard machinery put forward with the aim to provide a certain reference for the development and research of orchard mechanized equipment.