煤矿带式输送机关键技术发展现状与展望

Development status and prospect of key technology of coal mine belt conveyor

煤矿带式输送机领域的发展主要围绕高效软启动及功率平衡技术、输送带动力学研究、运行稳定性和可靠性研究、智能感知技术、无人巡检技术、智能控制技术和智能化运维等方面阐述。目前高效软启动及功率平衡技术采用永磁直驱技术效率更高,节能效果更为明显,减小设备维护量,并提高了可靠性。通过输送带动力学研究开发带式输送机动态分析软件通过输送带压陷阻力研究开发低阻力轻量化输送带、高速低阻力托辊和优化托辊间距。采用煤流转载离散元(EDEM)分析技术优化设计,提高带式输送机运行的稳定性和可靠性。通过智能感知技术可以检测带式输送机实时煤量、异物识别、故障自主诊断等,无人巡检技术采用巡检机器人代替人实现带式输送机沿线多项工况检查。智能控制技术主要有启停自适应控制、煤量自适应调速、多级协同控制、煤流均衡技术等。存在的问题有低压陷阻力输送带的相关理论和数据测试研究不成熟;自动张紧装置的智能化控制技术和动态响应能力有待提高;非金属托辊的可靠性还需要进一步验证,不锈钢托辊成本高;煤量检测传感器的准确性和可靠性不足;故障诊断和识别准确度较差;异物识别、堆煤等采用视频图像分析技术易受外界因素和图像噪声影响,输送带纵向撕裂检测滞后,带式输送机巡检机器人爬坡难、功耗高、续航差,功能不足,电池充电困难;煤矿设备信息化建设水平落后;带式输送机托辊缺少唯一编号和标识,不利于辨识。节能低碳和智能化是煤矿带式输送机技术发展趋势。未来,永磁驱动技术将进一步与煤矿带式输送机深度融合,产生新一代高效集成永磁(滚筒)驱动系统。通过智能感知、智能控制、运维管理,建立带式输送机智能集控系统,代替固定人员值守。托辊更换机器人、托辊发电技术、智能化运维平台会成为带式输送机无人化技术的重要装备。

The development of the coal mine belt conveyor field mainly revolves around efficient soft start and power balance technology,conveyor belt dynamics research,operational stability and reliability research,intelligent perception technology,unmanned inspection technology,intelligent control technology,and intelligent operation and maintenance,etc.aspect elaboration.At present,the high-efficiency soft-start and power balance technology adopts permanent magnet direct drive technology to be more efficient,and the energy-saving effect is more obvious,reducing equipment maintenance and improving reliability.Through the research and development of belt conveyor dynamics analysis software,the intelligent development of coal mine belt conveyor is explained separately from two aspects of energy-saving technology and intelligent technology.Energy-saving technology mainly starts from the belt conveyor drive system,tensioning device,conveyor belt,idler and spacing,operational stability and reliability.The methods used at this stage mainly include high-efficiency soft start and power balance technology,dynamic analysis technology,Through the research and development of conveyor belt indentation resistance,low-resistance lightweight conveyor belt,high-speed low-resistance rollers,and optimized roller spacing.Optimized design using EDEM analysis technology to improve the stability and reliability of belt conveyor operation.Through intelligent perception technology,it can detect the real-time coal quantity of the belt conveyor,foreign body recognition,and self-diagnosis of faults.The unmanned inspection technology uses inspection robots instead of humans to achieve multiple working conditions inspections along the belt conveyor.Intelligent control technology mainly includes start-stop adaptive control,coal volume adaptive speed regulation,multi-level cooperative control,coal flow balance technology,etc.Optimization,quick response,automatic tensioning,coal flow balance,discrete element analysis of coal flow reprint,and customized special models.The existing problems include the immature research on the theory and data test of the low pressure resistance conveyor belt;the intelligent control technology and dynamic response capability of the automatic tensioning device need to be improved;the reliability of the non-metallic roller needs further verification,stainless steel roller High cost;insufficient accuracy and reliability of coal quantity detection sensors;intelligent technology mainly starts from belt conveyor working condition perception,intelligent control,unmanned inspection,and operation and maintenance management.The methods used at this stage mainly include multiple sensors,the new integrated belt conveyor operating condition sensing technology,intelligent control technology,inspection robot and intelligent operation and maintenance platform,etc.Existing problems include fault diagnosis and poor recognition accuracy;foreign body recognition,coal stacking,etc.,adopting video image analysis technology,which is easily affected by external factors and image noise.The conveyor belt longitudinal tear detection is lagging,and the belt conveyor inspection robot climbs the slope.Difficulties,high power consumption,poor battery life,insufficient functions,and difficulty in battery charging;the level of informatization of coal mine equipment is backward;the belt conveyor roller lacks unique numbers and identifications,which is not conducive to identification.Energy saving,environmental protection,low carbon and intelligence are the development trend of coal mine belt conveyor technology.In the future,permanent magnet drive technology will be further integrated with coal mine belt conveyors to produce a new generation of highly efficient integrated permanent magnet(drum)drive systems.Through intelligent perception,intelligent control,and operation and maintenance management,an intelligent centralized control system for belt conveyors is established to replace fixed personnel on duty.Roller replacement robots,idler power generation technology,and intelligent operation and maintenance platforms will become important equipment for unmanned belt conveyors.