519例支气管哮喘患者血清特异性IgE抗体结果分析

Investigation and analysis of serum specific IgE antibody in 519 patients with bronchial asthma

目的了解甘肃地区支气管哮喘患者的主要过敏原,分析过敏原阳性患者的年龄差异,为哮喘病人的诊治及预防提供参考依据。方法采用免疫印迹法对2017年3月至2020年3月就诊于甘肃省人民医院哮喘中心的519例支气管哮喘患者的血清特异性IgE进行检测,并对所有结果进行统计学分析。结果519例患者中,血清特异性IgE阳性者331例(63.77%),阳性结果前八位的分别为艾蒿(30.63%)、猫毛(17.92%)、豚草(11.75%)、黄豆(9.83%)、屋尘(9.44%)、柳树/杨树/榆树(8.86%)、屋尘螨/粉尘螨(8.48%)、葎草(7.90%)。不同年龄组间过敏原存在差异。多数患者对两种以上过敏原呈阳性反应。结论艾蒿是甘肃地区支气管哮喘患者最常见的过敏原。猫毛的致敏率在我省目前仅次于艾蒿;黄豆、鸡蛋白、牛奶为主要食入性过敏原;多数患者存在多种过敏原同时致敏。

Objective To explore the major allergens in Gansu patients with bronchial asthma,and analyze the age difference in patients with positive allergen reactions,to provide a basis for prevention,clinical diagnosis,and treatment of asthma.Methods 519 patients with bronchial asthma treated in the Asthma Center of Gansu Provincial Hospital from March 2017 to March 2019 were included in the study.Serum-specific IgE from those patients was tested and analyzed.Results Among the 519 patients with allergic asthma,331(63.77%)had positive serum-specific IgE.The top eight allergens were:mugwort(30.63%),cat hair(17.92%),ragweed(11.75%),soybean(9.83%),house dust(9.44%),willow/poplar/elm(8.86%),dust mites(8.48%),and Humulus(7.90%).Significant allergens variation existed within each age group.Most of the patients were positive for two or more allergens.Conclusion The most frequent allergen in Gansu patients with bronchial asthma were mugwort,followed by cat hair.Soybean,egg white,and milk were the main ingestion allergens,and most patients were sensitized by at least one allergen.