中国沉积型钒矿成矿规律与找矿方向

Metallogenic regularity and prospecting area selection of sedimentary vanadium deposit in China

钒矿是重要的战略性矿产资源,广泛应用于冶金化工、航空航天及新能源电池等领域。中国钒矿床的类型主要为岩浆型和沉积型。其中,沉积型钒矿占中国钒矿总储量的87%,多赋存于海相碳质页岩中,空间分布规模巨大,且多伴生Mo、U、Co、Se等金属元素,是一种具有良好资源潜力的矿床类型。然而,由于大型钒矿床少,矿石品位低且开采成本高,导致中国目前对沉积型钒矿的利用率不高。文章在系统收集前人工作成果的基础上,总结了中国沉积型钒矿的时空分布规律,并划分了塔里木地台北缘、扬子地台北缘和扬子地台东南缘3个成矿带。综合分析表明,沉积型钒矿受特定时代地层、岩性组合和岩相古地理的共同控制,丰富的物质来源、适宜的古地理环境和古海洋化学结构、以及强烈的生物作用是形成沉积型钒矿的关键。扬子地台周缘寒武纪扬子裂谷地带碳-硅-泥质页岩的岩石组合广泛发育,具备良好的沉积型钒矿的找矿潜力。

Vanadium is an essential strategic metal widely used in metallurgy,aerospace,and new-energy battery industries.The vanadium deposits are mainly magmatic and sedimentary types in China.Sedimentary vanadium deposits take up 87% of the total reserves in China.Most of the sedimentary vanadium deposits occur in marine carbonaceous shales,which have broad spatial distribution and have many metals as by-products,such as Mo,U,Co,Se,etc..This type of deposit is considered to have significant resource potential in the future.However,due to its small number of large deposits,low ore grade and high mining cost,the utilization of sedimentary vanadium ores in China has been subdued.Based on previous studies,this paper summarizes the spatial-temporal distribution of sedimentary vanadium deposits in China,and defines three sedimentary vanadium metallogenic belts:the northern margin of the Tarim Platform,the northern margin of the Yangtze Platform and the southeastern margin of the Yangtze Platform.Comprehensive analysis shows that the formation of sedimentary vanadium deposits was jointly controlled by specific strata,lithology,and paleogeographic conditions.Abundant supply of ore-forming materials,suitable paleogeographic and paleoceanic redox conditions,and prosperous biological activities are key factors that lead to the formation of sedimentary vanadium deposits.The Cambrian carbonaceous,silicic muddy shales are widely occurred along the northern and southeastern margin of the Yangtze Platform and considered as a potential area for exploration of sedimentary vanadium deposits in China.