牡蛎钾粉对烟草生长发育和土壤理化性质的影响

Effects of Oyster Potassium Powder on the Growth and Development of Tobacco and on the Physicochemical Properties of the Soil

本研究在重庆市巫山县采用随机区组设计进行田间试验,分别在起垄时均匀撒施不同剂量(50 kg/667 m^(2),100 kg/667 m^(2),300 kg/667 m^(2))牡蛎钾粉(以不施为对照),探究牡蛎钾粉对烤烟不同生育期生长发育及其对土壤理化性质的影响.结果表明,施用牡蛎钾粉促进烟株生长,且随着处理剂量的增加,促进效果增加,尤其以300 kg/667 m^(2)处理效果最佳.与对照相比,300 kg/667 m^(2)牡蛎钾粉处理后,烟株的株高、茎围、叶长、叶宽、叶面积在团棵期分别提高了11.2%,17.6%,31.3%,21.7%,59.6%;在旺长期分别提高了7.6%,9.9%,16.1%,18.8%,33.8%;在打顶期分别提高了7.3%,5.1%,9.8%,3.7%,14%.烟株根质量可达到801.55 g,根体积达819.48 cm^(3),显著高于对照;另外,该处理使土壤pH值显著增加了0.4~0.6个单位,显著降低土壤交换性铝离子的含量,提高土壤交换性钙、镁离子的含量.综合来看,牡蛎钾粉在起垄时施用可促进烟草根系发育和烟草早生快发.

A field experiment with random block design was carried out in Wushan County,Chongqing.Oyster potassium powder at 50,100 or 300 kg/667 m^(2)was applied evenly during the process of ridge-making,and its effects on the growth and development of flue-cured tobacco and soil physicochemical properties were investigated.The results showed that application of oyster potassium powder promoted the growth of tobacco plants,and the promotion effect increased with the increase in treatment dose.Compared with the untreated control,application of oyster potassium powder at 300 kg/667 m^(2)increased plant height,stem circumference,leaf length,leaf width and leaf area of the tobacco plants by 11.2%,17.6%,31.3%,21.7%and 59.6%at the rosetting stage,by 7.6%,9.9%,16.1%,18.8%and 33.8%at the budding stage,and by 7.3%,5.1%,9.8%,3.7%and 14%at the topping stage,respectively.The root weight and the root volume of the treated plants were significantly higher than those of the control,being 801.55 g and 819.48 cm^(3),respectively.In addition,compared with those of the control,the pH value of soil was significantly increased by 0.4-0.6 units,the content of exchangeable aluminum ions in soil was significantly decreased,and the content of exchangeable calcium and magnesium ions in soil was increased after application of oyster potassium powder(300 kg/667 m^(2)).In conclusion,application of oyster potassium in the ridge-building process can promote tobacco root development and early and rapid growth of the plant.