孟加拉国伊斯兰促进会的发展历程、现实困境和前景展望

The Development Course,Realistic Dilemma and Prospect of Bangladesh Jamaat-e-Islami

伊斯兰促进会是孟加拉国规模最大、最活跃的伊斯兰政党,该组织起源于1941年成立的印度伊斯兰促进会,以建立一个以《古兰经》和圣训为基础的伊斯兰社会为最终目标。1972年,该组织因为反对孟加拉国独立而被政府取缔。直至1976年孟加拉国宗教政党禁令解除,该组织才重新公开活动。在随后的数次选举中,该组织表现不俗,一度以政治结盟的方式进入权力中心。2009年人民联盟上台后,孟加拉国政治形势发生重大变化,伊斯兰促进会一方面面临领导人被以战争罪追责、政党被禁止参选的局面,另一方面又陷入领导层内部分歧严重、组织面临分裂的危机。由于生存环境不断恶化,社会形象日趋负面,伊斯兰促进会逐步被排除在孟加拉国主流政治之外。伊斯兰促进会的兴衰演变深刻反映了不同时期孟加拉国的政治生态和国家意志的变化。穆斯林占人口多数的基本国情决定了包括伊斯兰促进会在内的伊斯兰政党将长期存在于孟加拉国政坛,但世俗主义力量的强化降低了伊斯兰政党实现政治理想的可能性。孟加拉国伊斯兰促进会的未来发展之路充满变数和不确定性,其前途取决于国内外政治环境的变化以及自身策略的调整。

Jamaat-e-Islami is the largest and most active Islamic political party in Bangladesh.The organization originated from the Indian Jamaat-e-Islami established in 1941.After Bangladesh's independence in 1971,the organization was banned by the government because it opposed the division of East Pakistan.It was not until the ban on religious parties in Bangladesh was lifted in 1976 that the organization resumed its public activities in the name of Jamaat-e-Islami.After the Awami League came to power in 2009,the political situation in Bangladesh has undergone significant changes.The rise and fall of Bangladesh deeply reflects the political ecology and national will of Bangladesh in different periods.The basic situation that Muslims account for the majority of the population determines that Islamic political parties,including Jamaat-e-Islami,will exist in Bangladesh politics for a long time,but the strengthening of secularism further reduces the possibility of Islamic political parties to realize their political ideals.