基于GIS的海南岛芒果气候适宜性精细化区划研究

Fine Regionalization of Hainan Island Mango Climate Suitability Based on GIS

以海南岛18个国家气象站1966—2019年的日观测数据为基础,对海南岛18个市(县)芒果单产的气象产量与其各生育期气温、降水、日照、相对湿度等做相关分析,选取花期平均气温、果实发育期平均气温、年≥10℃积温作为区划指标,同时考虑坡度因素的影响,采用集优法基于GIS开展了海南岛芒果种植精细化气候区划。结果表明,海南岛芒果种植气候适宜区主要分布在昌江、东方、乐东、三亚、陵水、万宁、琼海等西部南部和东部市(县)的沿海乡(镇),不适宜区主要分布在五指山大部、白沙南部、昌江南部、乐东东北部、三亚北部、陵水北部等市(县)地形陡峭的山地,其余为次适宜区。区划结果可为海南岛芒果种植布局规划和产业结构调整提供科学依据。

Based on the observation data of 18 national meteorological stations in Hainan from 1966 to 2019,the correlation between meteorological yield of mango per unit area and temperature,precipitation,sunshine and relative humidity of mango in each growth period in 18 cities and counties of Hainan Island was analyzed,and the average temperature at flowering stage,average temperature at fruit development stage and annual accumulated temperature≥10℃were selected as regionalization indexes when the influence of slope factor was considered.Based on GIS,the refined climate regionalization of mango planting in Hainan was carried out by using the method of set optimization.The climate suitable areas for mango planting in Hainan are mainly distributed in the coastal towns of Changjiang,Dongfang,Ledong,Sanya,Lingshui,Wanning,Qionghai,etc.The unsuitable areas are mainly distributed in most of Wuzhishan,south of Baisha,south of Changjiang,northeast of Ledong,north of Sanya and north of Lingshui.And the other areas are sub-suitable areas.The results could provide scientific basis for the planning of mango planting layout and industrial structure adjustment in Hainan Island.