社区增权视角下文化遗产地治理路径优化--以惹巴拉村寨为例

Optimization of Cultural Heritage Site Governance Based on the Perspective of Community Empowerment:A Case Study of Rebala Village

以湖南省龙山县惹巴拉村寨为例,采用文本分析法与深度访谈法,基于社区增权视角,优化文化遗产地治理路径。结果发现:1)文化遗产地社区失权体现在经济失权、心理失权、社会失权及政治失权4个方面。2)文化遗产地通过权力合作、权力共有及权力激励等社区赋权方式再分配资源、权益及资本。3)权力共有路径下,强化政策透明度和社区话语权,有助于社区主体参与治理;权力合作路径下,扩充资源分配渠道、强化主体合作关系,有助于社区治理渠道扩展;权力激励路径下,规范治理主体、治理对象及监管方式,有助于社区治理政策细化。文章借助“社区增权”理论,将旅游引发的“社区失权”改进为“社区增权”,补充完善文化遗产地治理研究,可为其他少数民族文化遗产地的治理提供参考。

Based on the perspective of community empowerment,this study integrates research on cultural heritage site governance,clarifying the current situation of cultural heritage site governance in the context of tourism development.Through the process of community empowerment,the phenomenon of"power loss in community"caused by tourism is transformed into"community empowerment."The study considered the village of Jabala in Longshan County,Hunan Province as an example and,using text analysis and in-depth interview methods,analyzed how to optimize the governance path of cultural heritage sites.The results indicated the following:(1)the power loss in the cultural heritage site community is embodied in four aspects:economic,psychological,social,and political loss.The economic loss in communities is embodied in uneven employment opportunities,unequal income and remuneration,and uneven development opportunities.Psychological loss in communities is affected by multiple factors such as lack of development opportunities for residents,lack of government support,and a wide gap between residents'psychology and reality.Psychological loss is a weakening of local value identity and the local attachment complex.The social loss of communities is affected by the discouragement of the dissemination of traditional culture and a fracture of the social network.The political"aphasia"of community residents hinders their willingness to stay in their hometowns.(2)Cultural heritage sites redistribute resources,rights,and capital through community empowerment methods such as"power to,""power with,"and"power from within.""Power to"and"power from within"achieve effects through three levels:the protection and inheritance of intangible cultural heritage resources,the protection and utilization of tangible cultural heritage resources,and the activation and creation of public spaces."Power with"aims to jointly plan community affairs and rationally allocate space resources and benefits.(3)Regarding"power with,"strengthening policy transparency and community discourse will help community entities participate in governance.Regarding"power to,"expanding resource distribution channels and strengthening cooperation between entities will help expand the channels of community governance.Regarding"power from within,"standardizing governance entities,governance objects,and supervision methods will help refine community governance policies.Research will help improve the theoretical system of cultural heritage governance,optimize the governance path of cultural heritage sites,and provide references for the governance of other ethnic minority cultural heritage sites.It is an active exploration of local governance strategies,such as the activation of cultural heritage sites and the creation of public spaces.This study explores"how to optimize the governance of cultural heritage sites."In the future,based on this research,we will deepen the discussion on"how the community will interact with cultural heritage sites after being empowered,"interpreting"the response to the optimized cultural heritage site"and perfecting the overall framework for research on the governance path of cultural heritage sites.