数据权益的法律保护路径研究

The Legal Protection Paths of Data Rights

大数据时代,随着数据分析和挖掘等技术不断革新,数据成为重要的社会生产要素。虽然《民法典》和《数据安全法》中对数据保护作出了基础性的规定,但关于数据权益的法律性质及分配机制缺少具体界定,导致实务界和理论界都存在很大争议。数据权益应当是一种有限排他性的财产权,具体内容包括个人信息财产权、数据用益权和数据获取权,同时应建立数据财产权的“三元分配”模式,将其分别归属于用户、平台和第三方主体,从而实现数据保护与信息共享之间的动态平衡。

With the continuous innovation of data analysis and mining technology in the big data era,data have become an important factor of social production.Although Civil Code and Data Security Law have made basic provisions on data protection,the legal nature and distribution mechanism of data rights and interests are lack of specific definition,leading to great controversies in both practical and theoretical circles.Data rights should be exclusive property rights,whose concrete contents include personal information property right,usufructuary right and data acquisition right.At the same time,it calls for establishing a“three part”distribution model of data property rights,including the user,the platform and the third-party main body.This is to realize the dynamic equilibrium between data protection and information sharing.