集体行动理论视域下农村公共物品供给困境的解决——L村文化广场建设的个案分析

Solution to the Dilemma of Rural Public Goods Supply from the Perspectiveof Collective Action Theory——A Case Analysis of the Construction of L Village Cultural Square

集体行动理论的提出是为解决集体行动困境问题。奥尔森认为个人理性导致集体非理性是造成集体行动困境的关键原因,并提出选择性激励、强制性方式以及大集团分化为小集团三大手段以解决此困境。以集体行动理论为视角,将L村文化广场建设作为案例以探讨农村公共物品供给的困境。运用非参与观察与非正式访谈的方式进行研究,发现在集体行动理论视角下,农村公共物品供给的困境以及原因并不简单符合集体行动理论所提出的结论。除了经典的搭便车问题需要解决外,还要从选择合适的选择性激励方式、深入探索个人理性背后的因素、加强乡村社会资本的建设以及提高村民自治的程度四个方面进行努力,才能最终促进集体行动的形成进而促使公共物品的成功供给。

Collective Action theory is proposed to solve the problem of collective action dilemma.Olsen believes that individual rationality leads to collective irrationality as the key reason for the collective action dilemma,and proposes selective incentives,coercive methods,and the differentiation of large groups into small groups.From the perspective of collective action theory,take the construction of L Village Cultural Square as a case to explore the dilemma of rural public goods supply.Using non-participatory observation and informal interviews to conduct research,it is found that from the perspective of collective action theory,the dilemma and reasons for the supply of rural public goods are not simply in line with the conclusions raised by collective action theory.In addition to satisfy the classic free-riding problem proposed in its theory,it is necessary to choose appropriate selective incentives,deeply explore the factors behind individual rationality,strengthen the construction of rural social capital,and improve the degree of villagers’autonomy.Efforts on the other side can ultimately promote the formation of collective action and promote the successful supply of public goods.