西北旱寒区渠系泥沙防控研究——以新疆为例

Sediment Control of Canal Heads and Channel in Arid and Cold Area of Northwest China——Taking Xinjiang as an Example

为了全面总结西北旱寒区渠系泥沙防控技术,以新疆河流为例,从新疆河流泥沙特点入手,全面总结分析了渠系泥沙防控研究现状及展望。分析结果表明:新疆河流多为坡陡流急、流程短小的山溪性河流,且新疆典型的灌溉农业多数都在河流上游引水灌溉,洪水期上游洪水携带大量泥沙,致使渠首和干渠泥沙淤积严重。因此,新疆多沙河流泥沙处理问题,尤其是渠系(渠首和渠道)泥沙的防控问题是主要难题。在此基础上,结合新疆渠首和渠道泥沙防控的成功经验和失败典型案例,总结现有渠首和渠道泥沙防控技术的研究现状,以期为新疆及国内同类河流的渠首和渠道泥沙处理提供理论依据和技术支撑。

In order to comprehensively summarize the sediment control of canal heads and channel in Arid and Cold Area of Northwest China,taking the rivers in Xinjiang as an example,the characteristics of river sediment in Xinjiang are first described.The current situation and prospects of the sediment control of canal heads and channel were then summarized and analyzed.The results show that the rivers in Xinjiang are mostly mountainous rivers with steep slopes and rapid currents and short flows.Most of agriculture irrigation is by water diversion from rivers directly due to typical irrigated agriculture in Xinjiang.The upstream flood during the flood period carries a large amount of sediment,resulting in the deposition of the canal head and channel seriously.Therefore,the problem of sediment control in Xinjiang’s sandy rivers is a major problem,especially the prevention and control of sediment in the canal system(canal head and channel).For this reason,this article combines the successful experience and typical failure cases of sediment control of canal heads and channels in Xinjiang,and summarizes the current research status of existing canal heads and channel sediment control technologies.It is expected to provide theoretical basis and technical support for the sediment control of canal heads and channels of Xinjiang and similar rivers in China.