试论道德金规则的普遍性

On the Universality of the Golden Rule of Morality

"己所不欲,勿施于人"这一推己及人的思想在许多文化中都有所反映,它被称为检验道德行为的道德金规则。而道德金规则的普遍性有多广,是其"金"的具体体现。通过对道德金规则"金"在何处这个问题的讨论,揭示人的群性行为要适用道德金规则,需要以作为动机的"不欲"为出发点,并用"己""他"对称的方式作为衡量标准。道德金规则的"金"并不体现在任何一种人际关系的处理上,而是体现在对它所涉领域的具体问题的处理上。我们对道德金规则的适用需要尊重文化差异,同时也要避免落入道德相对主义的陷阱。

The idea of treating others as you would be treated by others is reflected in many cultures. It is called the golden rule for testing moral behavior. The universality of the golden rule of morality is the concrete embodiment of its golden rule. Through the discussion of where the golden rule of morality lies, it is concluded that when applying the golden rule of morality, we should start from "no desire" and use the symmetrical way of "self" and "other" as the measuring standard. The golden rule is not reflected in the handling of any kind of interpersonal connection, but should be reflected in the handling of problems in the field it involves.