重庆市65岁及以上老年人跌倒发生现状及影响因素

Falls incidence and influencing factors among elderly(≥65 years old)in Chongqing

目的了解重庆市65岁及以上老年人跌倒发生率及影响因素,为开展跌倒干预提供建议。方法于2019年8—12月在重庆市4个区(县)采用多阶段随机抽样法抽取65岁及以上老年人1607人进行问卷调查,调查内容包括人口学特征、居住照料情况、自评健康状况、自报疾病史、过去1年跌倒发生情况等。采用SPSS 25.0进行χ^(2)检验,跌倒发生影响因素采用多因素logistic回归分析。结果1607名调查对象平均年龄为(72.4±6.3)岁。8.15%的调查对象需要使用拐杖或助行器,自评健康状况差的占5.60%,39.27%的调查对象几乎没有习惯性的运动锻炼,自报患有心脏病、骨质疏松、关节炎、白内障或青光眼或高度近视、前庭功能障碍或耳聋疾病的比例分别为8.96%、17.42%、19.23%、17.86%和5.16%。调查对象过去1年跌倒发生率为10.45%。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示,少数民族(OR=2.29,95%CI:1.54~3.41)、非自理(OR=1.96,95%CI:1.14~3.35)、自评健康状况差(OR=2.74,95%CI:1.39~5.39)、自报患骨质疏松(OR=2.41,95%CI:1.64~3.52)、自报患关节炎(OR=1.75,95%CI:1.20~2.56)的老年人更易跌倒。结论重庆市老年人跌倒发生率较低,应针对少数民族、自理能力差、自评健康状差和患有骨质疏松、关节炎的老年人进行干预,预防跌倒的发生。

Objective To investigated falls incidence and influencing factors in elderly(≥65 years old)of Chongqing,and provide the suggestion for falls intervention.Methods From August to December 2019,the multi-stages random sampling method was used to select 1607 elderly(≥65 years old)from four districts or counties as the subjects.The investigation was performed with questionnaire(including demographic characteristics,status of living and care,health status self reported,disease history self-reported and the history of falls in the past year).χ^(2) test and multivariate logistic regression were used to analyze the data and influencing factors.The used software was SPSS 25.0.Results The mean age of 1607 subjects was(72.4±6.3)years old;8.15% of subjects needed cane or walker;the proportion of subjects with poor self-reported health was 5.60%;the proportion of subjects without the habit of exercise was 39.27%;the proportions the of subjects with the self-reported heart disease,osteoporosis,arthritis,cataract or glaucoma or high myopia,vestibular dysfunction or deafness were 8.96%,17.42%,19.23%,17.86% and 5.16%,respectively.The fall incidence was 10.45% in the past year.The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the elderly with minority(OR=2.29,95%CI:1.54-3.41),non self-care(OR=1.96,95%CI:1.14-3.35),poor heath status self-reported(OR=2.74,95%CI:1.39-5.39),osteoporosis self-reported(OR=2.41,95%CI:1.64-3.52)and arthritis self-reported(OR=1.75,95%CI:1.20-2.56)were more likely to fall.Conclusion The fall incidence in elderly of Chongqing is lower.The elderly with minority,poor self-care,poor health status,osteoporosis and arthritis should be intervened to prevent the falls.