根类药材有机磷农药残留现状及快速检测方法研究进展

Current status of organophosphorus pesticide residues in root and rhizome medicinal materials and research progress of rapid detection methods

在药用植物中,以根和根茎入药的约占植物类药材的1/3。根类药材在临床中应用广泛,但其野生资源储量不足,难以满足市场需求。随着根类药材种植面积的扩大、规模化产区的形成和种植年限的增加,根类药材病虫害愈发严重。根类药材病虫害的发生具有种类多、传播途径广、隐蔽性强、受害程度重的特点,防控上存在施药方式多、农药用量大、易受土壤屏障影响、防治难度大、防效不稳定等问题。有机磷农药(organophosphorus pesticides,OPPs)因具种类多、广谱性、药效好、残留低等优点而被广泛应用于中药材栽培中,对保障中药材产量和质量有一定积极作用。但由于OPPs的过量或不规范使用,不仅导致了中药材种植成本加大,还对中药材质量安全、中医临床用药安全和产区生态安全构成威胁。该文通过查阅文献,对OPPs的研发进展、根类中药材OPPs的登记现状、残留限量标准、残留现状以及快速检测技术进展等进行综述,旨在为根类药材种植中规范使用OPPs、降低OPPs残留污染及构建中药材快速高效、精准可靠的OPPs残留检测方法提供研究思路和参考。

The medicinal plants with roots and rhizomes as the medicinal parts account for about 1/3 of Chinese medicinal herbs.Root and rhizome medicinal materials are widely used in clinical practice,whereas their wild resource reserves are insufficient to meet the market demand.With the expansion of planting areas,the formation of large-scale production areas,and the increase in planting years,diseases and insect pests of these medicinal plants,which are diverse and have broad transmission routes,strong concealment,and heavy damage,have become more and more serious.The prevention and control of these diseases and insect pests is characterized by multiple ways of pesticide application,large consumption of pesticides,susceptibility to soil barrier,difficulty in the control,and unstable control efficiency.Organophosphorus pesticides(OPPs)are widely used in the cultivation of Chinese medicinal plants because of their diverse varieties,broad-spectrum,good efficacy,and low residues,and have a positive effect on the yield and quality of Chinese medicinal materials.However,the abuse of OPPs not only increases the planting cost,but also affects the quality and safety of Chinese medicinal plants,the safety of clinical use of Chinese medicine,and the ecological safety of production areas.This paper reviewed the research and development progress of OPPs,the registration status of OPPs used in root and rhizome medicinal materials,residue limit standards,residue status,and rapid detection technology progress of OPPs.This review aims to provide research ideas and references for standardizing the use of OPPs in root and rhizome medicinal materials,reducing OPP residues,and establishing a fast,efficient,accurate,and reliable method for the detection of OPP residues in Chinese herbal medicine.