养老保险改革的自反性与福利国家平等危机——罗桑瓦隆对福利国家正当性的透视

The Reflexivity of Endowment Insurance Reform and the Equality Crisis of Welfare State:Rosanvallon’s Perspective on the Legitimacy of Welfare State

2020年,法国通过了《法国全民退休金改革法案》,试图整合"碎片化"的养老保险制度,但引发了激烈对抗,法国养老保险制度改革陷入自反性困境。罗桑瓦隆认为,社会保险产生于资本主义的第一次平等危机,即通过再分配减少身份特权不平等,在"无知之幕"下实现个体相似性平等。后工业化社会的到来使"无知之幕"被撕开,差异性成为平等的新内涵。法国养老保险制度改革冲突的实质是逐渐显性化的差异性特质与普遍性制度要求之间的矛盾,即福利国家遭遇的第二次平等危机。而差异性平等的实现无法再单纯依赖再分配,需要以关系平等重塑福利国家的正当性。

In 2020,France introduced the French National Pension Reform Act,trying to integrate the fragmented endowment insurance system,which triggered fierce confrontation.As a result,the reform of the endowment insurance system in France falls into a reflexive dilemma.Rosanvallon believes that social insurance was generated in the context of the first equality crisis of capitalism,which leaded to reducing the inequality due to identity privilege by the means of redistribution,and eventually realizing the individ-ual similarity-equality behind the veil of ignorance.With the advent of post-industrial society,the veil of ignorance has been torn apart,and diversity has become the new connotation of equality.The essence of the conflicts existing in the French pension system reform is the contradiction between the gradually apparent differentiation and the requirements of a universal system.This is what considered as the second crisis of equality encountered by the welfare state.Therefore,the realization of difference in equality means not to rely solely on redistribution,but to reshape the legitimacy of the welfare state with equality of relation.