菲利普·罗斯的“自恨”叙事——以《波特诺伊的怨诉》为例

Philip Roth’s Self-Hate Narrative: A Case of Portnoy’s Complaint

从启蒙运动以来犹太人中出现了比较普遍的自恨现象,而自恨叙事演变成犹太文学传统中一道别样的支流。菲利普·罗斯继承并创新了犹太自恨文学传统,他在《波特诺伊的怨诉》中将"自恨"作为主题,塑造了一个典型的"犹太自恨者"形象。通过波特诺伊形象及其悲剧性结局,罗斯向人们揭橥了一个深富社会意义的事实:在流散文化中的少数族裔,若以彻底割裂、否定自身传统文化身份去迎合仰慕的强势文化,极可能陷落在文化断裂的夹缝中无法自拔,从而导致心灵扭曲和精神流放。但犹太读者及批评家认为该作品塑造了犹太人的负面形象,伤害了犹太民族,进而予以猛烈抨击。为此,罗斯又以"祖克曼系列"等作品作出文学创作上的回应,"自恨"叙事遂成为罗斯创作的一大特色。

After the Enlightenment Movement there came up a serious self-hate phenomenon among Jews,and a distinct tributary evolved from self-hate narrative in Jewish literature. Philip Roth inherits and innovates the Jewish self-hate literary tradition. For instance,Roth utilizes self-hate as the theme and portrays a classical image of a Jewish self-hater in his novel Portnoy’s Complaint. Through the image of Portnoy and his tragic fate,Roth reveals to the readers the significant social fact that if the ethnic groups in diaspora deny and desert their own traditional culture and embrace a strong culture that they admire,most possibly they will fall and get stuck in the crevice of cultures and even suffer distortion of the soul.