堀田善卫与美国占领末期日本文学的范式转向——1951年芥川奖小说《广场的孤独》

Hotta Yoshie and the Paradigm Shift of Japanese Literature Towards the End of American Occupation: A Study of the 1951 Akutagawa Prize Winner Hiroba No Kodoku

堀田善卫的长篇小说《广场的孤独》是1951年美国对日占领末期日本芥川文学奖的年度获奖作品。本文通过调查作家手稿,论证堀田善卫在创作《广场的孤独》的过程中一方面采用了他本人作为中国遣归日侨文人的外在视角,另一方面又借用了美国作家霍华德·亨特的长篇小说《城中异乡人》的故事框架以及法国作家萨特的介入文学理念,最终以此构建了旨在挑战美国对日占领的文学话语空间。《广场的孤独》是堀田善卫力图摆脱美国占领的思维禁锢、推动战后日本文学书写范式转向的一次创作实践,同时也是他之后寻找日本的"第三世界"文学方向的起点。

Hotta Yoshie ’s novel Hiroba No Kodoku was the annual award-winning work of the Japanese Akutagawa Literature Award towards the end of the American occupation of Japan in 1951. By investigating the writer’s manuscripts,this paper demonstrates that in the process of creating Hiroba No Kodoku,Hotta Yoshie not only adopted his own external perspective as a repatriate from China,but also borrowed the fictional frame of the American writer Howard Hunt ’s novel Stranger in Town and the French writer Jean-Paul Sartre’s conception of "engaged literature".