嫦娥五号探测器月面起飞设计与实现

Designing and implementing the liftoff of Chang’e-5 spacecraft from the Moon

月面起飞是嫦娥五号任务的关键环节之一,目标是实现携带月球样品的上升器月面起飞、上升入轨.与地面发射不同,月面起飞任务面临起飞区域地形不确定、初始基准无法预知、起飞发动机羽流导流等难题,本文分析了嫦娥五号月面起飞的任务特点,提出了基于着陆平台的月面起飞设计方案,介绍了月面起飞解锁模式、初始基准确定和任务过程设计结果,阐述了发动机羽流导流及起飞稳定性的设计实现方案和地面验证结果.嫦娥五号飞行结果表明月面起飞系统设计正确,满足任务要求.

A key phase in the Chang’e-5 spacecraft mission is the liftoff from the Moon.The target is to realize the liftoff of the ascender from the Moon and enter the lunar orbit.However,liftoff from the Moon is different from rocket-launching owing to uncertain lunar topography and limited space for the plume deflection of the ascender’s main engine.The liftoff missions of Chang’e-5 spacecraft are characterized through researches conducted abroad on similar missions.This study illustrates the system design for Chang’e-5 spacecraft’s liftoff from a landing platform,including departure mode,methods to determine initial position and altitude,the flight process,main engine’s plume deflection,and liftoff stability analysis of the ascender.In addition,this study includes the ground verification results.Chang’e-5 spacecraft flight results demonstrate that the system design for the ascender’s liftoff from the Moon is accurate and satisfies the mission requirements.