黄河流域煤炭富集区生态开采模式初探

Preliminary study on ecological mining mode in coal-rich area of the Yellow River Basin

黄河流域是我国煤炭资源的主要富集地和主体能源产出区,单一的煤炭资源开发在带动地域经济发展的同时,也逐渐凸显出煤炭行业直接面临的资源衰竭、安全事故多发、伴生资源破坏严重、生态环境恶化、后续产业发展乏力等严重问题。在充分调研分析黄河流域煤炭富集区煤炭资源分布特点、煤炭开发相关危害特征、邻近区域生态环境现状的基础上,围绕目前业界已开展的绿色开采现状进行了总结分析,同时深入剖析黄河流域煤炭开发领域技术现状、煤矿采动损害特征,以生态文明建设为核心理念、绿色及循环发展为主线,提出了以煤矿全生命周期为绿色开采时序边界、采复一体化动态生态保护和修复为技术引线、煤矿突出重大灾害源头主动减灾和安全应急防控事先预置的生态开采模式,并就相关技术外延与内涵进行了定性总结,同时在充分借鉴国内外循环发展模式和典型实验案例的基础上,基于我国煤炭工业发展方向和技术现状,提出了黄河流域煤炭资源开发“六位一体”发展模式,将煤炭资源全生命周期开发、生态开采技术、安全生产建设、采复一体保护、伴生资源开发利用、转型发展全面融入到以新发展理念为指引的循环发展模式中,旨在为黄河流域煤炭资源富集区绿色高质量发展探寻一种新路径,对资源富集城市特别是资源枯竭城市的转型与循环发展模式提供参考和借鉴。

The Yellow River Basin is the main enrichment area of coal resources and the main energy production area in China.While the development of a single coal resource is driving regional economic development,it also gradually highlights the serious problems that the coal industry is directly facing,such as resource depletion,frequent safety accidents,serious damage to associated resources,deterioration of the ecological environment,and weak follow-up industrial development.Based on the full investigation and analysis of the distribution characteristics of coal resources in the coal-rich areas of the Yellow River Basin,the characteristics of coal development-related hazards,and the status quo of the ecological environment in the adjacent areas,the current status of green mining carried out in the industry was summarized and analyzed,and at the same time,the status quo of the coal development field of the Yellow River Basin and the characteris-tics of coal mining damage were analyzed in-depth.With the construction of ecological civilization as the core concept,green and circular development as the main line,it was proposed to take the whole life cycle of coal mines as the green mining time sequence boundary,the integration of mining and recovery dynamic ecological protection and restoration as the technical lead,and the in-advance preset of active disaster reduction and safety emergency prevention and control at the source of major coal mine disasters as an ecological mining mode,and qualitatively summarized the extension and connotation of related technologies.At the same time,on the basis of fully learning from domes-tic and foreign circular development models and typical experimental cases,and from the development direction and technical status of Chi-na’s coal industry,a“six-in-one”development model for coal resource development in the Yellow River Basin was proposed,the full life cycle development of coal resources,ecological mining technology,safe production and construction,integrated protection of mining and re- covery,development and utilization of associated resources,and transformational development are fully integrated into the circular develop- ment model guided by the new development concept,aiming to explore a new path for the green and high-quality development of coal re- source-rich areas in the Yellow River Basin,and provide reference for the transformation and circular development mode of its resource- rich cities,especially resource-exhausted cities.