酷儿理论视角下档案与性别身份认同的冲突与和解

Conflict and Reconciliation Between Archives and Gender Identity from the Perspective of Queer Theory

酷儿理论是后现代主义思想中有关性与性别的代表性理论,认为性与性别非自然形成,而是一种文化与社会建构的结果,该理论已成为性少数群体甚至所有边缘群体"正名"的重要凭借。在酷儿理论视角之下,性别身份具有流动性、交叉性与多样性等特征,而档案的历史记录属性与信息相对固化特点及其背后蕴含的权力与权利相互作用,常常使性别身份认同在档案中的实现陷入困境。从酷儿理论视角出发,一方面,档案与性别身份认同之间的冲突表现在固化的档案与流动的性别身份、档案助于不同性别身份间理解的同时亦加深隔阂、档案中权力与权利对性别身份的不同作用等;另一方面,档案又为性别身份认同提供了融合与常态化机制,助于个体及群体性别形象的积极重塑与性别身份认同的实现。

Queer theory is a representative theory of sex and gender in postmodernism,which mainly refers to sex and gender as a result of cultural and social construction rather than natural formation.It has become an important justification for rectification of name of sexual minorities and even all marginal groups.From the perspective of Queer theory,gender identity has some characteristic like mobility,intersectionality and diversity.While the historically-recorded attribute,information’s relative solidification of archives,and the interaction between power and right often make the realization of gender identity in archives fall into a dilemma.From the perspective of Queer theory,on the one hand,the conflict between archives and gender identity is manifested in the relationship between the solidified archives and the flowing gender identity,strengthening understanding or deepening the barriers,the different functions of power and rights on gender identity in archives.On the other hand,the archives provide an integration and normalization mechanism for gender identity,which contributes to the positive reshaping of individual and group gender image and the realization of gender identity.