新《档案法》档案权属的立法缺陷及影响—以企业档案管理为视角

The Legislative Defects and Influence of Archival Ownership in the New Archives Law——From the Perspective of Business Archives Management

档案权属原则及界定规则是健全档案法律制度的法理基础,是制定档案管理措施的逻辑前提。当前在我国企业所有制经济结构快速调整过程中,档案权属的确立能够及时定分止争,保护权利人的档案权益,促进档案效用得到最大程度的发挥。新《档案法》沿袭了旧法的思路,规避了档案的权属立法,实施中不仅会弱化档案管理举措的实效,也与档案司法保护制度衔接不畅,难以支撑《档案法》域外适用效力的实现。因此,明确档案的权属主体原则、建立档案权属界定规则,并依托档案权属扩展档案法律的域外适用效力是档案法律制度完善的必然选择。

The principle of archival ownership and the rules of delimitation are the legal basis of sound archives legal system and the logical premise of formulating archive management measures.In the current process of rapid adjustment of the economic structure of enterprise ownership,the establishment of archival ownership can timely determine the division and end the disputes,protect the rights and interests of the right holders,and promote the maximum effectiveness of the archives.Like the original law,the new Archives Law circumvents the archival ownership legislation.It will not only weaken the effectiveness of archives management measures,but also have poor connection with the archives judicial protection system,even make it more difficult to support the realization of the extraterritorial application effect of the Archives Law.Therefore,it is an inevitable choice to perfect the archives legal system to clarify the principle of the subject of archival ownership,establish the rules for definition the archival ownership,and expand extraterritorial application of the Archives Law based on archival ownership.