纯铁的特征及高纯化发展

Characteristics and high purification development of pure iron

铁的发现和铁器的使用促进了人类文明的进步和工业的高速发展。发达国家一直重视高、超纯铁的研发工作,并成功实现商业化生产,而中国针对高、超纯铁的研究不足,迫切需要将高纯铁和超纯铁的研究工作深入,以期引起相关科研人员对该领域的足够重视。围绕铁及纯铁,从中国首块工业纯铁的生产到相关国家制备高纯铁和超纯铁的相关研究讨论了纯铁的相关生产技术,指出了高纯铁和超纯铁仍无法大规模生产的事实;并结合不同应变速率下的室温单轴拉伸试验、电化学及周期浸润腐蚀试验和直流软磁测试系统对纯铁的拉伸、耐大气腐蚀和直流软磁性能进行了研究,结果表明,纯铁纯度提升能提高其屈服和抗拉强度对应变速率的敏感性、能提高其在模拟大气环境中的耐腐蚀能力和直流软磁性能;还从作为原料和材料角度简述了纯铁高纯化后的应用。作为原料,能够提高钢铁材料、非晶材料、半导体材料等的品质和性能;作为材料,纯度提高后能增加软磁性、磁屏蔽性能、射流性能和阻尼性能等。材料、工艺和装备等创新依靠基础研究的点滴进步,而中国对高纯铁和超纯铁研究工作的不深入,严重制约了高性能钢铁材料的发展,阻碍中国高端装备制造业的进步,因此,纯铁的高纯化不仅能够实现铁基新材料领域补短板及衍生新材料作用,还能促进工业强基,具有时代必要性。

Discovery of iron and the use of iron tools promote the progress of human civilization and the rapid development of industry.Research work on the high and ultra-pure iron have always been performed in developed countries,which can offer high and ultra-pure iron commercial products.However,this work has been done less in our country and it is urgent to further research on high and ultra-high pure iron,with a view to attracting the relevant scientific researchers in this field of sufficient attention.Focusing on iron and pure iron,from the production of China′s first industrial pure iron to the relevant research on the preparation of high-purity iron and ultra-pure iron in the relevant countries,the relevant production technology of pure iron was discussed,and the fact that high-purity iron and ultra-pure iron cannot be produced on a large scale was pointed out.The promotion can improve the sensitivity of its yield and tensile strength to the strain rate,improve its corrosion resistance and DC soft magnetic properties in the simulated atmospheric environment,and also briefly describe the application of pure iron after high purification from the point of view of raw materials and materials.As raw materials,high and ultra-pure iron can improve the quality and performance of steel materials,amorphous materials,and semiconductor materials,etc.As materials,it can be the good soft magnetic material,magnetic shielding material,shaped charge liner material and damping material.Innovations such as materials,technology and equipment rely on the progress of basic research,and China′s research work on high-purity iron and ultra-pure iron is not in-depth,seriously restricting the development of high-performance steel materials,hindering the progress of China′s high-end equipment manufacturing industry,therefore,high-purification of pure iron can not only achieve the iron-based new materials in the field of filling plate and deriving new materials,but also promote industrial strong foundation,with the necessity of the times.