武夷山国家公园生态环境变化及其驱动力分析

Analysis of Ecological Environment Changes and Driving Forces in Wuyishan National Park

国家公园体制的建立对于实现生物多样性保护与国家安全保障具有重要意义。基于遥感影像、航空正摄影像以及环境监测数据,分别从生态系统质量及环境质量两个维度,采用层次分析法构建武夷山国家公园生态环境质量评价指标体系,并通过主成分分析法,对生态环境变化的驱动力机制进行分析,以期系统地评估武夷山国家公园的建设成效,为完善武夷山国家公园的体制建设及监管提供依据。结果表明,对比武夷山国家公园体制试点建设前(2016年),武夷山国家公园建设后(2019年)其生态环境质量整体提升,生态环境质量值由0.5971上升至0.6340。但其中土地利用类型生态等级、土地利用程度指数、生境质量指数、空气环境质量、水环境质量指数以及污染负荷指数6项指标质量呈下降趋势。生态环境变化是自然因素与社会经济因素共同驱动的结果,并且驱动效应逐渐加强。

The establishment of the national park system is of great significance to biodiversity and national security.Based on remote sensing image data,aerial orthophoto data and monitoring station site data in Wuyishan National Park,a hierarchical analysis method is used to construct an evaluation index system of ecological environment quality in the park from two dimensions of ecosystem quality and environmental quality respectively,then the driving mechanism of its ecological environmental changes is analyzed by principal component analysis.Analyze the changes in the ecological environment and their driving forces,in order to systematically evaluate the construction effectiveness,and provide a basis for improving its system construction and supervision.The results showed that the overall ecological environment quality of Wuyishan National Park has been improved after the national park construction(2019),and the value of the overall ecological environmental quality has increased from 0.5971 to 0.6340.However,the six indicators of land use type,ecological grade,land use degree index,habitat quality index,air environment quality,water environment quality index,and pollution load index showed a downward trend.The changes of ecological environment are the result of the joint drive of natural and socio-economic factors,and the driving effect is gradually strengthened.