神农架声景构成及空间影响因素

Analysis of soundscape components and influencing spatial factors in the Shennongjia National Park,China

通过采集神农架野外录音数据,使用声景功率值及声音相异性指数等相关方法,分析试验区的声景主要构成及声音来源,探究植被类型及周边环境对声景构成的影响。结果表明,试验区声景中主要包含1~5 kHz范围内的声音,其中,1~2 kHz的声音主要来自录音设备的底噪干扰,2~4 kHz的声音以鸟类鸣声为主,其他动物声音为辅,4~5 kHz的声音比较少;在试验区范围内,植被类型与声景构成没有明显相关性,而周边环境则会显著影响采集到的相关声景信息。结果显示,基于声景生态学的方法,可以有效掌握目标地区的动物活动特征,为建立长期有效的声音监测体系提供理论支持和数据基础。

In this study,we calculated and visualized soundscape power and acoustic dissimilarity index as two quantitative metrics to examine the patterns of daily and seasonal soundscape changes.We collected sound recordings in five appropriate sampling sites in the Shennongjia National Park,China.The dominant sounds in the study area ranged between 1 kHz and 5 kHz.The sounds within 1-2 kHz range came predominantly from the interference noise of the recording equipment,while sounds in the 2-4 kHz range were dominated by birdsong.Sounds in the 4-5 kHz range accounted for only a small proportion.Furthermore,the soundscape differences between the sampling sites were more likely influenced by the ambient environment other than vegetation.Our findings confirm that soundscape methods can help to effectively describe the characteristics of animal activities and the degree of human interference within an ecosystem.Further,the results can be implemented in the future acoustic monitoring plan of the Shennongjia National Park.