英汉语言静态动态特征对比及其在互译中的体现

A Comparison Between the Static and Dynamic Features of the English and Chinese Language&their Manifestation in Translation

英语的名词优势和汉语的动词优势使英语和汉语在词类用法方面分别有显著的静态特征和动态倾向。英语严格系统的句法结构使得动词使用大为受限,而汉语中动词因不受屈折形式变化的限制可以灵活连用且直接充当任何成分,这一句法功能上的区别更突出了英汉语言的动静差异。受此影响,英汉互译常常表现为静态语言与动态语言的相互转换,敏感把握并灵活运用这一语言差异有利于形成自然流畅、地道易懂的译文。

The preponderance of nouns in English and verbs in Chinese endows these two languages with prominent static and dynamic features respectively in terms of lexis.Syntactically,verbs are not so versatile in English due to the strict and systematic sentence structure,while in Chinese they can be used flexibly and consecutively in any function without inflections,which makes their static or dynamic features more apparent.This distinction has a profound influence on the translation between them,which usually manifests a tendency of conversion between static and dynamic languages.Sensitivity to these features and proficient application contribute greatly to natural and native-like translated versions.