史前绿松石镶嵌工艺的起源和发展

The Origin and Development of Prehistoric Inlaid Turquoise Technology

绿松石镶嵌工艺目前最早发现于距今5000年左右的大汶口文化晚期,表现为磨制圆形或其他形状的绿松石片,并镶嵌于骨雕筒、侧孔钺等器物的穿孔之内。类似的绿松石嵌孔技术及海岱形制遗物在距今4400~4300年左右西渐至襄汾陶寺、芮城清凉寺等中原地区遗址,并在中原及海岱地区进一步发展成为更为复杂的绿松石嵌面技术。通过中原地区,绿松石镶嵌工艺也在距今4300年左右继续西传至史前甘青地区,并在新石器时代后传承至偃师二里头、安阳殷墟、黄陂盘龙城等夏商时期遗址。

At present,turquoise inlay craftsmanship was first found on the relics such as bone carving cylinder and side hole“yue”in the late Dawenkou Culture,which is manifested in the inlay of perforation of utensils with turquoise of equal size and thickness.Similar techniques of inlaying holes with turquoise and relics of the same shape also spread westward to the sites of Xiangfen Taosi and Qingliang Temple of Ruicheng County in southern Shanxi province afterwards,and further developed into more complex techniques of inlaying surfaces with turquoise in southern Shanxi and Haidai.This type of technology continued to spread to prehistoric Gansu and Qinghai areas,and this technology tradition was inherited to the Xia and Shang Dynasty sites such as Erlitou in Yanshi,Yin Ruins in Anyang and Panlongcheng in Huangpi.