正面碰撞时后排乘员的下潜损伤及其防护方案

Submarining injury mechanism and its protect measures for rear seat occupant under frontal impact

为设计乘员约束系统的防下潜设施,研究了乘员下潜的产生机理。使用有限元方法 (FEM),对比了混Ⅲ假人、FAST GHBMC和THUMS这3种后排乘员模型在正面碰撞中的下潜趋势;并发现:乘员的下潜与脊椎的变形相关。运用高生物逼真度的THUMS人体模型,设计了防护后排乘员下潜的设施;改进了乘员约束系统的参数,对比了不同约束系统参数对人体头部、胸部等部位的损伤的影响。在乘员其他损伤指标满足相关法规的要求下,选定了增大坐垫角度、增长坐垫长度、加装防下潜档杆等6种防下潜方案。结果表明:其中以加装防下潜档杆方案为最优,其最大安全带滑移距离仅为7 mm。

The mechanism occurring occupant submarining was investigated to design an anti-submarining facilities of occupant restraint system. An finite element method(FEM) was used to compares the submarining tendency of different rear occupant FEMs(Hybrid Ⅲ, FAST GHBMC and THUMS) in frontal crash, and found that the submarining trend of the occupant was related to the deformation of spine. The THUMS human model with high bio-realism was used to design submarining protection facilities for rear passengers with improving parameters of occupant restraint system to comparing the effects on the head, chest and other parts of human body. Six anti-submarining schemes are selected, such as increasing seat cushion angle, increasing seat cushion length and installing anti-submarining facilities under the condition that other occupant damage indexes meet the requirements of relevant laws and regulations. The results show that the optimal anti-submarining scheme is to install anti-submarining lever with a maximum safety-belt slip-distance of only 7 mm.