基于鱼类集群及上溯通道分析的鱼道进口位置论证

Demonstration of layout of fishway entrance based on fish clusters distribution and fish upstream passage

为确保大渡河龚嘴水电站鱼道能够成功过鱼,基于龚嘴水电站坝下河段鱼类集群分布的水声学观测结果,结合研究河段水流条件,分析鱼类集群分布特征,并根据主要过鱼对象关于水力学因子的适宜性特征,提取坝下河段鱼类主要上溯通道,论证龚嘴水电站鱼道进口布置方案。结果表明:坝下河段鱼类垂向分布范围为1.15~11.62 m,主要分布在中下层水域;鱼群主要集中在河段中上游区域;鱼类上溯通道分布于靠近两侧河岸的水域,流速为0.1~1.2 m/s;在北纬29.290°~29.292°范围内,存在横跨整个河宽的鱼类集中分布区域,说明该区域内流场条件能够较好地满足河段过鱼对象的上溯需求。本研究从鱼类集群及上溯通道分布两个方面对鱼道进口布置进行论证,提出较合理的鱼道进鱼口位置,研究结果可为其他水电站鱼道进口布置提供参考。

To ensure that the fish can sucessfully pass though the fishway of Gongzui Hydropower Station in Dadu River,in this paper,the distribution characteristics of fish cluster in the downstream of Gongzui Hydropower Station are analyzed based on the hydroacoustic survey results and the flow conditions of the studied river section,the main upstream fish passage is extracted according to the suitability characteristics of the main fish passage objects regarding the hydraulic factors,and the fish passage inlet layout plan of Gongzui Hydropower Station is finally demonstrated.The results indicate that the vertical distribution range of fish is 1.15-11.62 m,mainly distributed in the middle and lower water area;fish clusters are mainly concentrated in the middle and upper reaches of the river section;fish upstream channels are located in the water close to both banks,and the range of velocities is 0.1-1.2 m/s;in the area from 29.290°N to 29.292°N,there is a concentrated distribution area of fish across the entire river width,indicating that the flow field conditions in this area can better meet the upstream demand of the fish in the study river section.This study demonstrates the layout of fishway entrance in two aspects:fish clusters and upstream channel distribution,and a more reasonable layout scheme of fishway entrance is proposed,which can provide a methodological reference for the layout of fishway entrance of other hydropower stations.