我国水库大坝安全监测现状深度剖析与对策研究

Detailed analysis and countermeasure research on the present situation of reservoir dam safety monitoring in China

当前我国水库大坝安全监测工作存在监测项目不完善、施工安装不规范、运行管护能力不足等问题,导致部分安全监测系统建成后不能正常运行,造成建设资金浪费甚至影响大坝安全管理工作。结合全国水库大坝安全监测系统建设与运行现状调研成果及工作经历,系统梳理大坝安全监测在规划、设计、审查、招标、施工、验收及运行管理等环节存在的一系列问题,并深度剖析水库大坝安全监测现状原因。针对性提出了改进水库大坝安全监测工作的对策和建议,包括提高对大坝安全监测工作重要性的认识,加大安全监测培训力度,研究出台大坝安全监测管理办法,组建大坝安全监测专家库,加强大坝安全监测专项督查,建设期间引入安全监测仪器检测与第三方鉴定环节等。本研究对促进我国水库大坝安全监测水平提升具有一定的指导意义。

At present,there are some problems in reservoir dam safety monitoring,such as imperfect monitoring items,nonstandard construction and installation,insufficient operation and management capacity,etc.,which lead to the failure of some safety monitoring systems to operate normally after completion,resulting in waste of construction funds and even affecting dam safety management.Based on the investigation results of the construction and operation status of the national reservoir dam safety monitoring system and the author’s experience,a series of problems existing in the planning,design,review,bidding,construction,acceptance,operation management and other links of dam safety monitoring are systematically sorted out,and the reasons of the current situation of reservoir dam safety monitoring are analyzed in detail.The countermeasures and suggestions for improving reservoir dams safety monitoring are put forward,including raising awareness of the importance of dam safety monitoring,strengthening safety monitoring training,studying and promulgating dam safety monitoring management measures,setting up dam safety monitoring expert database,strengthening special supervision of dam safety monitoring,introducing safety monitoring instrument detection and third-party identification during construction,etc.This paper has guiding values for promoting the improvement of reservoir dam safety monitoring level in China.