游客体验视角下国家矿山公园游憩机会谱的构建

Construction of Recreation Opportunity Spectrum of National Mine Park from the Perspective of Visitor Experience

遗产保护与游憩利用之间的矛盾一直是国家矿山公园建设和管理过程中关注的重点。文章在遗产保护的前提下,从游客体验视角出发,基于游憩机会谱理论,采用内容分析法,明确国家矿山公园游憩功能分区的维度与依据,在此基础上构建国家矿山公园游憩机会谱(NMROS)。研究结果表明:(1)旅游资源质量、游憩活动质量、管理环境质量等是影响国家矿山公园游憩质量的重要维度,具体可以分解为自然风景资源、人文风景资源、游憩参与度、游憩强度、旅游基础设施、服务水平和管理强度等7项指标;(2)国家矿山公园可划分为休闲娱乐区、矿业知识展示区、矿业遗产体验区和生态景观保育区4种游憩类型,不同类型的游憩特征和主导功能存在一定差异性。国家矿山公园游憩机会谱的构建(NMROS)可为其规划建设和游憩管理提供参考。

With the deepening of industrialization and urbanization,many mines in China have entered the decline period of resource development.It has become an important way for the transformation of"urban brownfield"to establish a national mine park in a suitable area.At present,the contradiction between heritage protection and recreation utilization has always been the focus in the construction and management of national mine park.Compared with other national parks,national mine park is built in the depleted area which is obviously disturbed by human activities.The various types of recreation opportunity spectrum that have been constructed at present are not instructive to national mine park.Therefore,it is necessary to construct a recreation opportunity spectrum suitable for national mine park.Under the premise of heritage protection,this paper starts from the perspective of visitor experience,based on the theory of recreation opportunity spectrum,adopts the method of text analysis to clarify the dimensions and basis of recreation function zoning of national mine park,and on this basis constructs the national mine park recreation opportunity spectrum(NMROS).The establishment of recreation opportunity spectrum mainly consists of three steps:recreation environment analysis,evaluation index establishment and recreation function zoning.Through these steps,the study found that:(1)Through the analysis of visitors'online comments,this paper summarizes a lot of factors that affect the visitor experience.Among the many influencing factors,the quality of tourism resources,the quality of recreation activity and the quality of management are the important dimensions that affect the recreation function zoning of national mining parks.These dimensions can be decomposed into seven indicators,including natural scenic resources,humanities scenic resources,recreation participation,the intensity of recreation,tourism infrastructure,service level and management strength and so on.Each indicator also contains a variety of recreation experience elements.These elements are the focus of tourists;(2)According to the overall landscape layout and recreation environment elements of mining park,seven indexes are explained and the national mine park is divided into four types:leisure and entertainment area,mining knowledge exhibition area,mining heritage experience area,ecological landscape conservation area.Each type of area has different requirements for each indicator,and the recreation opportunity spectrum of mine park is summarized according to different functional areas.The recreational opportunity spectrum can not only assist the operator to consider the management requirements of the functional zoning of the national mine park,set up different recreational products and services for different recreational areas,but also provide visitors with a choice of recreation opportunities and help them have a better experience.At the same time,under the condition of fully maintaining the ecological environment and protecting the industrial heritage,the aesthetic sense of the regional landscape should be improved to the greatest extent,deeply excavate the culture of the mining area,extract the cultural elements of the mining area,and better play the historical,cultural,educational and scientific values of the national mine park.In summary,the construction of recreation opportunity spectrum(NMROS)of national mine park can provide reference for its planning,construction and recreation management.