巴西转基因农产品监管机制的演进与现实影响

The Evolution and Realistic Impacts of the Regulatory Mechanism of Genetically Modified Agricultural Products in Brazil

巴西是全球第二大转基因作物种植国和第一大转基因大豆出口国,在此之前巴西转基因农产品合法化的立法经历了10年之久。回顾巴西转基因农产品监管制度的历史,发现有多个因素影响巴西转基因作物监管制度演进,其中最重要的是经济利益。转基因农产品合法化给巴西带来了巨大的经济利益,但是也对生态、经济和社会产生了深层次的影响。由此启示我国要加强生物安全风险防控的法治保障,促进转基因技术应用与保护生态环境和生物多样性协调发展;提高我国转基因关键技术的原始创新能力,打造拥有自主知识产权的种子产品;通过制度和政策保障,促进小农户与转基因技术应用的有效衔接。

Brazil has become the world’s second largest producer of GM crops and and the largest exporter of GM soybeans.Until then,it has taken as long as 10 years for the legalization of the cultivation.Reviewing the history of Brazil's regulatory mechanism of genetically modified agricultural products,there are many factors that affect the evolution of GM crop regulatory mechanism in Brazil,the most important of which is economic interest.The legalization of genetically modified agricultural products has brought huge economic benefits to Brazil,but it also has a deep impact on ecology,economy and society.The important lessons are as follows.The legal guarantee of biosafety risk prevention and control should be strengthened.The harmonious development of the application of transgenic technology and the protection of ecological environment and biodiversity should be promoted.The original innovation ability of key transgenic technologies should be improved and seed products with independent intellectual property rights created.The effective connection between small farmers and the application of transgenic technology through institutions and policies should be promoted,too.