略论北魏亲蚕礼及其历史地位和作用

On the Qincan Rite in the Northern Wei Dynasty and its Position and Function in the History

北魏宣武帝时期创制的亲蚕礼既体现了他对农业的重视,也是对其父孝文帝在礼制上汉化改革的继续。通过对北魏亲蚕的时间、地点、主要参与者和车舆的考察,不难发现北魏亲蚕礼既参考了周制,也吸纳了汉魏仪注。北魏亲蚕礼的"沿",主要有亲蚕的时间、地位、主要参与者和主要建筑;"革"主要有亲蚕的地点、舆服和祭祀的蚕神。北魏、北朝亲蚕礼有开创性、继承性、多样性、传递性等特点。

The Qincan Rite created by Emperor Xuanwu in the Northern Wei Dynasty not only reflected his attention to agriculture, but also continued the Sinicization reform of his father Emperor Xiaowen in the ritual system. By analyzing the time, place,main participants and carriages of the Qincan Rite in the Northern Wei Dynasty, we found that it not only referred to the ritual of Zhou Dynasty, but also absorbed the ritual of the Han and Wei Dynasty. It is found that the aspects of"retain"of the Qincan Rite in the Northern Wei Dynasty mainly include the time, status, main participants and main buildings;the aspects of"change"mainly include the place, carriage, clothing and sacrifice of silkworm god. In the Northern Dynasties, including the Northern Wei Dynasty, the Qincan Rite has the characteristics of originality, inheritance, diversity and transmission.