山区人居环境的遥感和GIS量化评价技术研究

Study on Remote Sensing and GIS Quantitative Evaluation of Human Settlements in Mountainous Areas

为实现对山区人居环境质量的空间化、定量化评价,文章将生存、生活及生态条件作为核心因素,构建山区人居环境评价模型。使用遥感、数字高程模型技术提取地表景观、地形、水文评价等数据,在“以人为本”的原则基础上,设计中心式GIS缓冲区技术用于计算和提取水文安全、交通便捷、耕地布局、植被覆盖、公共设施等可量化的空间指标,最后采用综合评价方法实现山区人居环境评价的技术验证与应用。研究结果表明:生存环境、生活质量和生态条件是影响山区人居环境的重要因素,可利用遥感和DEM提取地貌水文、地表景观、交通信息等数据开展定量分析与建模;舍弃不可量化的部分经济或人文指标,可以从安全条件、物质条件、基础生活条件、休闲条件、环境条件等方面构建山区人居环境模型,并利用遥感与DEM数据结合GIS技术实现评价参数的量化提取与分析,从而实现基于空间数据的客观环境评价;借鉴GIS缓冲区及空间权重插值思想,将以居民地为中心的缓冲区作为周边空间数据统计和分析范围,能更好地体现以人为本的空间评价思想。便捷的空间取值可根据评价区域到目标地点的线性距离和道路等级权重计算成本时间,用于评估其空间影响。

In order to realize the spatial and quantitative evaluation of the quality of human settlements in mountain areas,this paper takes the survival,living and ecological conditions as the core factors to construct the evaluation model of human settlements in mountain areas.Remote sensing and digital elevation model technology are used to extract surface landscape,topography,hydrological evaluation and other data.On the basis of the principle of"people-oriented",a central GIS buffer zone technology is designed to calculate and extract quantifiable spatial indicators such as hydrological security,convenient transportation,cultivated land layout,vegetation cover,public facilities and so on.Finally,a comprehensive evaluation method is used to realize the technical verification and application of human settlements evaluation in mountain areas.The results show that living environment,quality of life and ecological conditions are important factors affecting human settlements in mountain areas.Remote sensing and DEM can be used to extract geomorphology,hydrology,surface landscape,traffic information and other data for quantitative analysis and modeling.Instead of some non-quantifiable economic or human indicators,the model of human settlements in mountain areas can be constructed from the aspects of safety conditions,material conditions,basic living conditions,leisure conditions and environmental conditions,and the quantitative extraction and analysis of evaluation parameters can be realized using remote sensing and DEM data combined with GIS technology,so as to realize objective environmental assessment based on spatial data.Based on the idea of GIS buffer and spatial weight interpolation,the buffer zone centered on the place of residence is taken as the scope of statistics and analysis of the surrounding spatial data,which can better reflect the idea of people-oriented spatial evaluation.The spatial value of convenience can be used to evaluate its spatial impact by calculating the cost time according to the linear distance from the evaluation area to the target site and the weight of the road grade.