“生态银行”对海洋生态修复和价值实现的启示——建立“红树林生态银行”的构想

Enlightenment of ‘Ecological Bank’on Marine Ecological Restoration and Value Realization: Conception of Establishing ‘Mangrove Ecological Bank’

为促进海洋生态修复和价值实现的协调发展,文章分析我国海洋生态修复和价值实现之间的关系及其面临的主要困境,根据福建省南平市"生态银行"的探索实践及其启示,以红树林生态系统为例,提出海洋生态修复和价值实现协同发展的方案设计。研究结果表明:我国海洋生态修复存在政策、资金和技术等方面的问题,海洋生态价值实现存在家底绘制、权责主体界定、确权内容和方法、产权交易的实现方式以及监管机制等方面的问题;借鉴"生态银行"对生态资源资产"分散化输入、集中式输出"的理念以及打造生态资源权益资本化运作平台的方法,应实现生态修复与生态价值的和谐统一,偏重于通过生态修复提高生态产品供给侧升级,从而实现生态价值;将红树林生态修复与高效工厂化海水养殖相结合,提高生态资源利用效率,开展"红树林生态银行"资产运作,实现红树林生态修复和价值实现的和谐统一。

In order to promote the coordinated development of marine ecological restoration and ecological value realization, this paper analyzed the relationship between marine ecological restoration and value realization and the main difficulties faced in China. According to the exploration practice and enlightenment of “ecological bank” in Nanping City, Fujian Province, took mangrove ecosystem as an example, this paper put forward the scheme design of coordinated development of marine ecological restoration and ecological value realization. The results showed that there were problems in the policy, capital and technology of marine ecological restoration in China, and there were problems in the realization of marine ecological value, such as the definition of rights and responsibilities, the content and methods of confirming rights, the realization mode of property right transaction and supervision mechanism. Based on the concept of “decentralized input and centralized output” of ecological resources assets by “ecological bank” and the method of building an operation platform for capitalization of ecological resources rights and interests, harmonious unity of ecological restoration and ecological value should be realized, and the emphasis should be placed on improving the ecological environment through ecological restoration and upgrade the product supply side to realize ecological value. The mangrove ecological restoration should be combined with efficient industrialized mariculture, to improve resource utilization efficiency, carry out asset operation of “mangrove ecological bank”, and realize the harmonious unity of mangrove ecological restoration and ecological value.