性别与身份认同的张力结构--中西语境中的“姐妹情谊”研究

The Tension Structure of Gender and Identity:A Study of“Sisterhood”in the Context of Chinese Culture

“姐妹情谊”是女性诗学的核心关键词之一,是建立在女性主义共同的身份认同和价值认同基础上的一种政治共同体关系。英美“姐妹情谊”主要关注女性之间基于共同的生理、心理和社会经验而形成的性别认同,由于其忽略了女性内部的身份认同之间的差异,从而受到黑人女性主义者的质疑。法国女性主义者则对“姐妹情谊”和女性传统持解构态度。“姐妹情谊”在中国文化场域中呈现出三种“女儿国”式乌托邦样态,即原生态中国古典式乌托邦式表征;以张洁、王安忆为代表的初步启蒙的乌托邦表征;林白、陈染所代表的“同性之爱”的乌托邦表征。对“姐妹情谊”的研究可以为女性诗学研究提供重要的理论支撑。

“Sisterhood”is one of the key words in female poetics.It is a political community relationship based on the common identity and value identity of feminism.British and American“sisterhood”mainly focuses on the gender identity based on the common physical,psychological and social experience among women.Because it ignores the differences between women's internal identity,it is questioned and rebuilt by black feminists,while French feminists are skeptical of“sisterhood”and female tradition.“Sisterhood”in Chinese cultural field presents three Utopian forms of“daughter country”,that is,the original Chinese Classical Utopian representation;the initial enlightenment Utopian representation represented by Zhang Jie and Wang Anyi;and the same-sex love Utopian representation represented by Lin Bai and Chen Ran.The study of“sisterhood”can provide an important theoretical support for the study of feminist poetics.