凉山州植烟土壤养分与烟叶化学品质的相关性分析

Correlation Between Soil Nutrients and the Chemical Quality of Tobacco Leaves in Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture

为改善凉山烟区土壤合理施肥和提高烟叶化学品质,采用描述性统计和相关分析研究凉山州土壤养分和烟叶化学品质之间的关系。结果表明,凉山州各区县土壤养分丰缺状况不一且分布不均衡,植烟土壤pH总体适宜且比较稳定,土壤有机质适中偏低,有效磷变异范围较大,碱解氮含量过于丰富而速效钾含量偏低;烟叶总糖、还原糖含量偏高,烟碱含量、氮碱比总体适中但不稳定,烟叶钾、氯含量偏低。总体来看,在一定范围内,土壤碱解氮含量与烟叶还原糖含量呈显著负相关;土壤有效磷含量和烟叶总糖、氯含量呈显著负相关,和烟叶钾含量、钾氯比呈显著正相关;烟叶钾含量和土壤pH呈显著负相关,与土壤有机质呈显著正相关。不同梯度pH和有机质含量分段的相关性分析表明,在土壤pH适宜范围内,pH、有机质和土壤养分对烟叶化学品质的影响较大,在有机质适宜范围内,土壤养分和烟叶化学成分的相关性不明显。综上所述,凉山烟区在施肥时需控施氮肥,平衡磷肥,增施钾肥,降低烟糖含量。

The paper aims to improve the reasonable fertilization in Liangshan tobacco area and improve the chemical quality of tobacco leaves. Status of soil nutrients and the chemical quality of tobacco leaves were analyzed by descriptive statistics and correlation analysis. The results show that the soil nutrient contents of Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture have different status and the distribution is not balanced. Tobaccogrowing soil pH is generally suitable and stable. The soil has moderately low soil organic matter and large range of available phosphorus variation. The content of alkali-hydrolyzale nitrogen is abundant, but the content of available potassium is insufficient. The contents of total sugar and reducing sugar are relatively high, but the contents of potassium and chlorine in tobacco leaves are relatively low. Within a certain range, there is a significant negative correlation between the contents of soil alkali-hydrolysable nitrogen and reducing sugar in tobacco leaves, meanwhile, the contents of available phosphorus content is significantly and negatively correlated with tobacco leaf total sugar and chlorine content, and significantly and positively correlated with tobacco leaf potassium content and potassium-chloride ratio. The potassium content of tobacco leaves is significantly and negatively correlated with soil p H, and significantly and positively correlated with soil organic matter. In the proper range of soil pH, pH and organic matter and soil nutrient have a greater impact on the chemical quality of tobacco leaves. In the proper range of organic matter, the correlation between soil nutrients and chemical components of tobacco leaves is not obvious. To improve the chemical quality of tobacco leaves in Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture, it is necessary to control nitrogenous fertilizer, balance phosphatic fertilizer and apply more potash fertilizer to reduce the contents of sugar in tobacco leaves.