基于耕地质量及农作物比较优势的种植业布局优化——以山西省武乡县为例

Optimal Layout of Planting Industry Based on Cultivated Land Quality and Comparative Advantage of Crops: A Case Study of Wuxiang County, Shanxi Province

为持续开展耕地内在质量建设,提高耕地综合生产能力,深层次挖掘农作物生产及增产潜力,引导种植业结构调整,本文以山西省武乡县为例,优化种植业产业布局。首先分析武乡县耕地质量分布状况,包括耕地资源总体概况以及各乡镇耕地地形部位和质量等级分布状况;然后分析2015—2019年武乡县主要农作物单产的同比增长变化情况,并运用综合比较优势指数法,计算谷子、玉米、高粱、大豆、马铃薯、蔬菜、油料、药材、枣、西瓜、核桃、杏相对于全国同类作物的生产规模优势指数、生产效率优势指数和综合比较优势指数,进行比较优势分析;最后充分利用武乡县不同区域的耕地质量生产条件,以及谷子、玉米、高粱、马铃薯、药材、杏、核桃在全国范围内具有比较优势的计算结果,进行布局战略调控。规划武乡县"高效综合集群区、特色增质示范区、开发保护并重区"三大种植业产业布局,创建优质高效的种植业产业基地、集群。通过将耕地质量优势与农作物比较优势结合转化为经济优势,构建"拓展规模优势、确保产量优势、强化质量优势"的良性种植格局,从而提升粮食产量,突出特色品种,促农增收。

To continuously build the internal quality of cultivated land, improve its comprehensive production capacity, explore the productive potential and the yield increasing potential of crops, and provide reference for the structural adjustment of planting industry, this paper took Wuxiang County of Shanxi Province as an example to optimize the layout of planting industry. Firstly, the distribution of cultivated land quality in Wuxiang County was analyzed, including the general situation of cultivated land resources, the quality grade of cultivated land and the topographic condition in each township. Then the change of the year-on-year growth of crop yield per unit area in Wuxiang County from 2015 to 2019 was examined. The comprehensive comparative advantage index method was used to calculate and study the production scale advantage index, production efficiency advantage index and comprehensive comparative advantage index of millet, corn, sorghum, soybean,potato, vegetable, oil plants, medicinal materials, jujube, watermelon, walnut and apricot in comparison with same crops in other parts of China. Finally, by making full use of the production conditions of cultivated land quality in different regions of Wuxiang County and the calculation results of the comparative advantage of millet, corn, sorghum, potato, medicinal materials, apricot and walnut in the whole country, the layout strategy was adjusted. Three major planting industry layouts were worked out for Wuxiang County, namely,“the efficient and comprehensive cluster area, the characteristic and quality demonstration area and the development and protection area”, thus to establish the high quality and high efficiency planting industry base and cluster. By transforming the advantage of cultivated land quality and the comparative advantage of crops into economic advantage, the optimum planting pattern of“expanding the scale advantage, ensuring the yield advantage and strengthening the quality advantage”was constructed to improve the grain yield, highlight the characteristic varieties, and increase the agricultural income.