魏禧易学思想探赜

An Exploration of Wei Xi’s Thoughts of Zhou Yi

魏禧论易有"变卦解经"的特点。他解经颇重视卦象,能够根据卦位、爻位,灵活运用卦的拓展象义解经。魏禧的性命之学受到了理学家与阳明心学的影响,并试图调和二者。对于《易》,魏禧往往通过对卦象、卦辞的解读比附人事。其对《易》的解读还往往包含着"反清复明"的政治目的。魏禧对于《易》中"俭德辟难""见几而作"等权变之理深有认同。他对于《遯》卦的阐释表现出了深自潜藏,以退为进的处世智慧。他通过对《屯》《大畜》等卦的发明,阐述了其韬光养晦,厚积薄发的治国之思。魏禧崇尚实学,他认为学问应该在相互润泽中滋长,并指出不同学派皆致力对圣贤之道的阐释,即《易》中所谓"殊途同归",应取长补短,砥砺共进。魏禧特别重视"坤德",认为为妻者当有"承顺""含宏"之德。如此,家族可兴,女子可享长寿。魏禧还推崇"厚德载物"的君子品格。因其特殊处境,"厚德载物"亦多了一层忍辱负重之义。魏禧充分吸取了《易》中此消彼长,强弱盛衰的变化哲理,并将之贯彻在对人生老病死的生命思考之中。

Wei Xi’s theory is easy to have the characteristics of “changing divination and solving scriptures”.He attaches great importance to the divination image when solving the scriptures,and can flexibly use the expansion of the divination to explain the scriptures according to the divination position and line position.Wei Xi’s life science was influenced by Neo-Confucianists and Yang Ming’s minds,and he tried to reconcile them.For Yi,Wei Xi often compares people by interpreting divination images and divination words.His interpretation of Yi often contains the political purpose of “anti-Qing and Restoring Ming”.Wei Xi deeply agrees with the rationale of power changes such as “thrifty morality to overcome difficulties” and “making changes when seeing a few” in Yi.His interpretation of Tun’s divination shows deep self-hidden wisdom and retreat as progress.Through the invention of Tun,Da Xu and other divinations,he expounded his thoughts on governing the country by hiding his strengths and abiding by one’s time.Wei Xi advocated practice.He believed that knowledge should grow in the mutual moistening,and pointed out that different schools of thought are committed to explaining the way of sages,that is,the so-called “all roads leading to the same goal” in Yi,we should learn from each other’s strengths and forge ahead together.Wei Xi attaches great importance to “Kunde” and believes that those who are wives should have the virtues of “Chengshun” and “Hanhong”.In this way,the family can flourish and women can enjoy a long life.Wei Xi also praised the gentleman’s character of “great virtue carrying things”.Because of its special situation,“great virtue carrying things” also adds a layer of meaning of enduring humiliation and burdens.Wei Xi fully absorbed the philosophy of changing the ups and downs of the strong and the weak in Yi,and implemented it in thinking about life,old age,illness and death.