建党百年中国农地制度变迁:动态演进与逻辑

The Change of China’s Farmland System in the Hundred Years of Party Building: Dynamic Evolution and Logic

本文基于"大历史观",在梳理农地制度演进的基础上,分析农地制度变迁的历史逻辑、实践逻辑和理论逻辑,这有助于党和国家判断并顺应历史潮流,制定科学有效的农地政策。研究发现,第一,百年以来,中国共产党带领人民实现中华民族从"站起来""富起来"到"强起来"的历史性飞跃,经历了5次农地制度变迁,分别是由"国家公有、农民经营"向"农民私有、农民经营"、向"地主所有、租赁经营"、向"农民私有、农民经营"、向"集体所有、集体经营"、向"集体所有、农民经营"转变;本文构建"国内国际环境与农地制度调整变迁"理论分析框架,解释了中国农地制度百年变迁史。第二,中国农地制度变迁的历史逻辑表明,每次农地制度变迁都伴随国际国内环境变化,以及党和国家战略重点转移。第三,中国农地制度变迁的实践逻辑表明,农地制度调整是党和国家在推进农地制度变迁时,结合国内农村社会经济环境变化和制度实施过程中经验总结对农地制度进行的修正。第四,中国农地制度变迁的理论逻辑表明,党和国家在推进农地制度变迁和调整过程中,受到马克思主义的指导,同时中国农村实践也发展了马克思主义。

Based on the “great view of history” and on the basis of combing the evolution of agricultural land system, the historical logic, practical logic and theoretical logic of the change of agricultural land system are analyzed, which helps the Communist Party of China(CPC)and China to judge and conform to the historical trend, and formulate scientific and effective agricultural land policies.First, we found that, in the past hundred years, the Communist Party of China has led the people to realize a historic leap from “standing up” to “getting rich” and finally to “becoming strong”,and from “farmers private, farmers operated”,to “landlords owned, leasing”,to “farmers owned”,to “collective private, farmers operated”,to “collective owned, farmers operated” and explains the history of Chinese farmland system.Second, the historical logic of China’s agricultural land system changes shows that all agricultural land system changes are accompanied by international and domestic environmental changes, as well as the transfer of strategic priorities of the Party and the state.Third, the practical logic of the change of China’s agricultural land system shows that the adjustment of agricultural land system is the revision of the agricultural land system combined with the experience of the Party and the state and the implementation of the system when promoting the change of agricultural land system.Fourth, the theoretical logic of the change of China’s agricultural land system shows that the guidance of the Party and the state in the process of promoting the change and adjustment of the agricultural land system, and China’s rural practice has also developed Marxism.