“一城一策”到“千城一策”:我国长期护理保险的推广理路

From“One City One Policy”to“Thousand Cities One Policy”:The Promotion of Long-term Care Insurance in China

我国长期护理保险试点地呈现出典型的“一城一策”特征,即没有两个城市在具体实施中完全一样。“一城一策”的形成有其主客观原因。“千城一策”意味着代表长期护理保险的本质内涵要统一。从政策依据、理论探索、实践基础三个方面来看,从“一城一策”到“千城一策”逻辑上可行。长期护理保险的社会属性决定了在推广过程中要贯彻“公平优先、兼顾效率”的原则,“千城一策”推广实践应遵循:中央权与地方权要明晰,统一性和差异性要并存,调整性与持续性要耦合。

The pilot sites of long-term care insurance in China show the typical characteristics of“one city one policy”:that is,no two cities are exactly the same in the specific implementation,which have both subjective and objective reasons.“Thousand cities one policy”means that the essence of long-term care insurance should be unified.Seen from the three aspects of policy basis,theoretical exploration and practical basis,transfer from“one city one policy”to“thousand cities one policy”is logically feasible.The social attribute of long-term care insurance determines that the principle of“Give priority to fairness and give consideration to efficiency”should be implemented in the promotion process.The promotion practice of“thousand cities one policy”should be expressed as follows:the central and local powers should be clear,the unity and difference should coexist,and the adjustment and continuity should be coupled.