北京市女性甲状腺结节患病的影响因素分析

Analysis of the influencing factors of the prevalence of thyroid nodules in women in Beijing

目的了解北京市参与健康体检的女性甲状腺结节患病情况并分析影响因素。方法收集整理2016年北京市女性体检(包括身高、体重、血压、血糖等)和问卷调查(包括活动强度、饮食习惯等)数据,应用多因素logistic回归分析甲状腺结节的影响因素。结果共有4732名女性纳入分析,甲状腺结节的患病率为49.56%。多因素logistic回归分析显示,相比年龄18~29岁的女性,年龄30~59岁OR=1.769(95%CI:1.489~2.102)和60岁及以上OR=4.716(95%CI:3.577~6.216);相比饮食习惯为荤素搭配,素食为主OR=1.237(95%CI:1.056~1.450);相比正常体重,超重OR=1.331(95%CI:1.153~1.537);相比正常人群,高血压OR=1.405(95%CI:1.146~1.723),高血脂OR=1.184(95%CI:1.040~1.347),糖尿病OR=1.779(95%CI:1.178~2.687),患乳腺结节OR=1.183(95%CI:1.018~1.376),患子宫肌瘤OR=1.376(95%CI:1.201~1.575)。相比教育程度为高中、中专及以下,大学专科或本科教育程度OR=0.648(95%CI:0.522~0.806)和研究生及以上OR=0.564(95%CI:0.440~0.723)。结论北京市女性甲状腺结节患病率处于较高水平,年龄增加、以素食为主、超重、高血压、高血脂、糖尿病、患乳腺结节和患子宫肌瘤是患甲状腺结节的危险因素,教育程度提高是患甲状腺结节的保护因素。

Objective To investigate the prevalence of thyroid nodules in women participating in physical examination in Beijing and analyze the influencing factors.Methods The data of physical examination(height,weight,blood pressure,blood glucose,etc.)and questionnaire survey(activity intensity,eating habits,etc.)of women in Beijing in 2016 were collected,and the influencing factors of thyroid nodules were analyzed by multivariate logistic regression.Results A total of 4732 women were included in this study.The prevalence of thyroid nodules was 49.56%.Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that compared with women aged 18-29 years,OR value was 1.769(95%CI:1.489~2.102)for women aged 30~59 years,and OR value was 4.716(95%CI:3.577-6.216)for women aged 60 years and over.Compared with the balanced diet,the OR value was1.237(95%CI:1.056-1.450)for vegetarian diet.Compared with the normal weight,the OR value was 1.331(95%CI:1.153-1.537)for the overweight.Compared with the healthy women,the OR value was 1.405(95%CI:1.146-1.723)for hypertension,the OR value was 1.184(95%CI:1.040-1.347)for hyperlipidemia,and the OR value was 1.779(95%CI:1.178-2.687)for diabetes,while the OR value was 1.183(95%CI:1.018-1.376)for women with mammary gland nodules,and the OR value was 1.376(95%CI:1.201-1.575)for women with uterine leiomyoma.Compared with the education degree of high school,polytechnic school and below,the OR value was 0.648(95%CI:0.522-0.806)for college or undergraduate,and the OR value was 0.564(95%CI:0.440-0.723)for graduate students and above.Conclusion The prevalence of thyroid nodules in women in Beijing is at a high level.Age,vegetarian diet,overweight,hypertension,hyperlipidemia,diabetes,mammary gland nodules and uterine leiomyoma are risk factors for thyroid nodules.Education level is a protective factor for the prevalence of thyroid nodules.