贵州地区职业性尘肺病发病特征及影响因素分析

Characteristics and influencing factors of occupational pneumoconiosis in Guizhou

目的分析贵州地区职业性尘肺病的发病特征及影响因素分析,为职业性尘肺病的防治提供参考依据。方法采用分层抽样调查法抽取2019—2020年贵州地区采矿业人群1974例,根据是否伴有职业性尘肺病分为对照组(n=1218)和实验组(n=756),分析职业性尘肺病患者的发病特征及影响因素。结果2019—2020年贵州地区采矿业人群1974例中患有职业性尘肺病756例(38.30%),其中壹期602例(79.63%)、贰期86例(11.38%)、叁期68例(8.99%);尘肺病以煤工尘肺为主613例(81.08%),其次是矽肺85例(11.24%),差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=25.429,P<0.05);2019年煤工尘肺发病率为85.21%(340例),2020年发病率为76.47%(273例),趋势较平稳,而矽肺2020年发病率14.85%(53例)高于2019年8.02%(32例)(χ^(2)=8.797,P<0.05)。两组年龄、性别、吸烟比例、接尘工龄及合并症间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);logistic回归分析结果显示年龄、接尘工龄和合并症是职业性尘肺病发生的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。结论贵州地区职业性尘肺病以男性为主,高发年龄段为50~69岁,发展较平稳,而矽肺病患者近年递增趋势明显,其中接尘工龄、年龄和合并症是职业性尘肺病的高危因素。

Objective To analyze the characteristics,trend and influencing factors of occupational pneumoconiosis in Guizhou,and to provide reference for the prevention and treatment of occupational pneumoconiosis.Methods A total of 1974 mining patients in Guizhou province were selected from 2019-2020 by stratified sampling survey method.According to whether they were accompanied by occupational pneumoconiosis,they were divided into control group(n=1218)and experimental group(n=756)to analyze the morbidity characteristics,changing trend and influencing factors of occupational pneumoconiosis.Results From 2019 to 2020,756(38.30%)of the 1974 mining people in Guizhou suffered from occupational pneumoconiosis,including 602(79.63%)in stage I,86(11.38%)in Stage II,and 68(8.99%)in stage III.The average age was(57.36±6.89)years,and the average length of service was(15.56±4.47)years.The onset age was mainly from 50 to 69 years,and the difference was statistically significant(χ^(2)=8.214,P<0.05).Pneumoconiosis was the main disease in 613 cases(81.08%),followed by silicosis in 85 cases(11.24%),the difference was statistically significant(χ^(2)=25.429,P<0.05).The incidence trend of coal worker′s pneumoconiosis was stable,while the incidence of silicosis in 2020 was higher than that in 2019(χ^(2)=8.797,P<0.05).There was significant difference in smoking status among patients with different stages(χ^(2)=27.212,P<0.05).There were significant differences in age,sex,smoking ratio,length of exposure to dust and complications between the two groups(P<0.05).Logistic regression analysis showed that age,length of dust exposure and complications were independent risk factors for occupational pneumoconiosis(P<0.05).Conclusion The occupational pneumoconiosis in Guizhou area is mainly male,the high incidence age is 50-69 years old,the development is stable,while the incidence of silicosis is increasing in recent years,among which the dust exposure age,age and complications are the high risk factors of occupational pneumoconiosis.