2015—2020年无锡地区院前急救患者疾病谱及分布特征

Disease spectrum and distribution characteristics of pre-hospital emergency patients in Wuxi in 2015-2020

目的通过研究无锡地区2015—2020年院前急救患者疾病谱及分布特征,为院前急救提供指导。方法研究对象选取2015年1月至2020年12月无锡地区120院前急救患者共16437例病历资料进行回顾性分析,统计院前急救患者的病种、性别、年龄段、季节分布等。结果16437例院前急救患者在疾病种类分布中,男性外伤、脑血管、心血管、消化系统、呼吸系统、中毒、泌尿系统疾病种类构成比显著高于女性(χ^(2)=4.975,P<0.05);男性病种构成比(9812/16437)高于女性(6625/16437);无锡地区2015—2020年院前急救患者高发年龄段分布在50~60岁(19.30%)、40~50岁(16.28%),最少年龄段为0~10岁(2.60%);院前急救患者每日6~12时出诊率占(46.60%)最多,18~24时出诊率占(10.26%)最少;院前急救患者夏季(38.69%)急诊患者最多,春季(11.87%)最低。结论无锡地区院前急救疾病以心脑血管疾病为主,且急危重症呈上升趋势,需以疾病谱为依据,根据不同疾病的呼叫高峰月份和时间段合理配置院前急救资源,提高无锡地区医疗服务水平。

Objective:To provide guidance for pre hospital first aid by studying the disease spectrum and distribution characteristics of pre hospital first aid patients in Wuxi from 2015 to 2020.Methods a total of 16437 medical records of 120 pre hospital emergency patients in Wuxi from January 2015 to December 2020 were retrospectively analyzed,and the disease type,gender,age group and seasonal distribution of pre hospital emergency patients were counted.Results The top five emergency diseases of 16437 patients were trauma(24.51%),cerebrovascular disease(19.16%),cardiovascular disease(18.33%),digestive system disease(9.70%)and respiratory system disease(7.20%);In the distribution of disease types,the proportion of male trauma,cerebrovascular,cardiovascular,digestive system,respiratory system diseases,poisoning and urinary system diseases was significantly higher than that of female(χ^(2)=4.975,P<0.05);The proportion of male diseases(9812/16437)was higher than that of female diseases(6625/16437);From 2015 to 2020,the high incidence ages of pre hospital emergency patients in Wuxi were 50-60 years old(19.30%),40-50 years old(16.28%),and the minimum age was 0-10 years old(2.60%);The visit rate of pre hospital emergency patients from 6 to 12 hours a day was the most(46.60%),and the visit rate from 18 to 24 hours was the least(10.26%);Pre hospital emergency patients had the most emergency patients in summer(38.69%)and the lowest in spring(11.87%).Conclusion The pre hospital first aid diseases in Wuxi are mainly cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases,and the acute and critical diseases are on the rise.It is necessary to reasonably allocate the pre hospital first aid resources according to the disease spectrum and the call peak months and time periods of different diseases,so as to improve the medical service level in Wuxi.